The speed of sound in singing tubes

Valdan, M; Gratton, L. M.; Zendri, G; Oss, Stefano

doi:10.1088/0031-9120/49/3/268

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Therefore, their work suggests that setting β = 0.91 is a reasonable assignment. Two additional studies with singing toy corrugated tubes [11,12] also found β = 0.91.…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

Vacuum cleaner isolates over 12 harmonics in the corrugated whistling tube

Ruiz

Berls

2020

Phys. Educ.

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A vacuum cleaner is used to isolate over twelve harmonics in a corrugated toy whistling tube. The toy tube is first taped along a horizontal surface. Then a vacuum cleaner with a hose diameter approximately the same as that for the toy tube is turned on. As the vacuum cleaner hose approaches one end of the corrugated tube, individual higher harmonics are generated. From a sound recording, the frequencies of the harmonics can be measured with the free audio program Audacity and found to agree with theory to about 1%. An exciting class demonstration is included with a video accompanying this paper: Ruiz M J 2020 Video: Vacuum cleaner isolates over 12 harmonics in a corrugated whistling tube (http://mjtruiz.com/ped/hummer/).

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“…Therefore, their work suggests that setting β = 0.91 is a reasonable assignment. Two additional studies with singing toy corrugated tubes [11,12] also found β = 0.91.…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

Vacuum cleaner isolates over 12 harmonics in the corrugated whistling tube

Ruiz

Berls

2020

Phys. Educ.

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“…The parameter p is called the pitch, which gives the distance for one of the repeating corrugated patterns. The width of a corrugated ridge is w and the height of the ridge is h. The speed of sound in the pipe given in reference 11 is provided by Valdan, Gratton, Zendri and Oss [4] in the following very convenient form:…”

Section: The Corrugation Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Popular corrugated toy tubes that are twirled to obtain sounds have been around for decades [2][3][4][5]. The corrugated drainage pipe is a 'monster' version of the toy tube.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The monster sound pipe

Ruiz¹,

Perkins²

2017

Phys. Educ.

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Producing a deep bass tone by striking a large 3 m (10 ft) flexible corrugated drainage pipe immediately grabs student attention. The fundamental pitch of the corrugated tube is found to be a semitone lower than a non-corrugated smooth pipe of the same length. A video (https://youtu.be/FU7a9d7N60Y) of the demonstration is included, which illustrates how an Internet keyboard can be used to estimate the fundamental pitches of each pipe. Since both pipes have similar end corrections, the pitch discrepancy between the smooth pipe and drainage tube is due to the corrugations, which lower the speed of sound inside the flexible tube, dropping its pitch a semitone. iopscience.org/ped 1 Harmonics above the fundamental.

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“…We adopt, as a reference instrument, a 'singing tube', also known as the 'hummer', i.e. a corrugated tube which, upon rotation, emits a series of nearly pure harmonic sounds, as discussed elsewhere [1]. The advantage of the hummer is that it can be put into resonance (playing a fixed-frequency sound) by simply blowing air into it with a fan, without the worry of having a sustained sound coming from a recorder or a flute.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These latter are actual musical instruments, of course, but there are complicated aspects related to the way in which one has to close/open holes and keys for choosing a particular note. The hummer tube plays for quite different reasons (turbulences induced by the corrugations) than a flute (turbulences induced by the shape of the entrance hole and the posture of the lips), yet it provides a sustained frequency related very simply and directly to the geometry (length of the tube L-actually an effective length L eff = L + δ also depending on the diameter of the pipe, as explained in [1], even though this effect will not interfere with the focus of the present work, as will be made more explicit in the following) and of the speed of sound in air, c. Its value is given by…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%