The spotted alfalfa aphid (yellow clover aphid on alfalfa)

Dickson, Ross; Laird, E. F.; Pesho, G. R.

doi:10.3733/hilg.v24n05p093

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hagen (1962) noted that H. convergens normally had only one generation per year in California, but had additional "atypical" summer generations when prey such as pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, persisted into May. Furthermore, the invasion of California by the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Buckton), was initially characterized by large, persistent aphid populations that caused H. convergens to maintain a year-round presence in alfalfa fields (Dickson et al, 1955;van den Bosch et al, 1959). Although the results of the present study confirm that food availability and quality are primary determinants of summer diapause induction in H. convergens populations on the High Plains, the stimuli cueing diapause termination remain unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of reproductive diapause in Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) hinges on prey quality and availability

Michaud

Qureshi

2005

Eur. J. Entomol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In the High Plains of western Kansas, USA, the convergent lady beetle Hippodamia convergens Guérin completes a spring generation feeding on cereal aphids in winter wheat before leaving fields in large numbers around the time of harvest. In late May, large aggregations of coccinellids form on wild sunflowers, Helianthus annuus, and certain other weeds, that appear to serve as important sources of water absorption for the beetles, and other beneficial insects, during the dry prairie summer. Adult beetles were collected from sunflower plants and held in four treatments: (1) access to water only, (2) access to sunflower stalks only, (3) eggs of Ephestia kuehniella provided ad libitum + water and, (4) greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani provided ad libitum. Most females fed greenbug matured eggs in less than a week and only a few entered reproductive diapause. In contrast, more than half of the females fed Ephestia eggs, an inferior diet, entered reproductive diapause, and those that matured eggs required an average of almost three weeks to do so. Time to 50% mortality was 7 days for beetles receiving only water, and 12 days for those receiving only sunflower stalks, whereupon all survivors were fed greenbug. Even after feeding on greenbugs for a month, less than half of the surviving females in these two treatments produced eggs. We conclude that reproductive diapause is an important adaptation for improving H. convergens survival during summer when aphids are scarce, although females will forgo diapause if they have continuous access to high quality prey.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of reproductive diapause in Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) hinges on prey quality and availability

Michaud

Qureshi

2005

Eur. J. Entomol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the present study, a comparison was made of the salivary composition of two species of aphid which cause different symptoms when feeding on the same parts of alfalfa: the spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA), Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata (Buckton), and the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). SAA causes the development of veinal chlorosis in the growing tips, irrespective of where on the plant the insects are feeding (Diehl & Chatters, 1954;Dickson et al, 1955). Viral infection would not seem to be implicated (Paschke & Sylvester, 1957;Nickel & Sylvester, 1959).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility of salivary components as a possible reason for differences in the responses of alfalfa to the spotted alfalfa aphid and pea aphid

Madhusudhan

Miles

1998

Entomologia Exp Applicata

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA), Therioaphis trifolii maculata (Buckton), causes a characteristic veinal chlorosis and necrosis in the growing tips of susceptible cultivars of alfalfa. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), causes general degenerative changes in alfalfa but no specific, local symptoms. Biochemical and electrophoretic analyses detected similar enzymes in the ejected saliva of either species: pectin methylesterase, endopolygalacturonase and at least three isozymes of a copper dependent oxido‐reductase that showed both catechol oxidase and peroxidase activity. Pectinase and catechol oxidase activities per unit of soluble protein were much greater in the saliva of pea aphid compared with that of SAA. The isozymes of the oxidase from SAA were roughly half the molecular weights of the corresponding isozymes from pea aphid, however, and radiotracer studies showed that soluble secretions injected into alfalfa by SAA travelled to growing tips considerably faster than the secretions of pea aphid. It is suggested that differences in the lesions caused by these aphids may be due to reaction kinetics rather than specific salivary toxins; that the rate of arrival of salivary components, possibly the oxidases, at phloem unloading sites may determine whether the plant's local defensive system is able to repress the immediate challenge or undergoes a run‐away reaction leading to necrosis.

show abstract

“…For several years following its accidental introduction into California in the middle of the last decade, the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis trifolii (Monell), 5 caused great damage to alfalfa, but thereafter subsided to a much less severe status (Dickson et al 1955;Davis et al 1957;van den Bosch et al 1959b;Smith 1959). During the period of severe infestation, a biological control campaign was initiated against the aphid, and this resulted in the successful introduction of three hymenopterous parasites into California.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies On Succession, Distribution, and Phenology of Imported Parasites of Therioaphis Trifolii (Monell) In Southern California

Bosch¹,

Schlinger²,

Dietrick³

et al. 1964

Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The three introduced hymenopterous parasites of Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) were intensively studied for six years in four major climatic regions of southern California. These regions were the Colorado Desert the south coastal plain (two subdivisions), the western Mojave Desert, and the southern San Joaquin Valley. The studies revealed a succession in predominance of Trioxys utilis Muesebeck over Praon palitans Muesebeck, which dominated in the years immediately following parasite introduction. The status of the three wasps varies from one climate area to another. Trioxys is essentially exclusive in the Colorado Desert valleys and strongly dominant elsewhere. Praon attains its greatest importance in the western Mojave Desert and southern San Joaquin Valley. The third wasp, Aphelinus, reaches its most important status on the south coastal plain and is also relatively important in the western Mojave Desert. Parasite phenologies vary. Trioxys has the ability to be intensively active during the several seasons of the year. Praon is most active in the spring and fall. Aphelinus is relatively most active during the cooler, more humid times of the year. The general importance of these several phenomena to biological control programs is discussed.

show abstract

The spotted alfalfa aphid (yellow clover aphid on alfalfa)

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Induction of reproductive diapause in Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) hinges on prey quality and availability

Induction of reproductive diapause in Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) hinges on prey quality and availability

Mobility of salivary components as a possible reason for differences in the responses of alfalfa to the spotted alfalfa aphid and pea aphid

Studies On Succession, Distribution, and Phenology of Imported Parasites of Therioaphis Trifolii (Monell) In Southern California

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About