The spreading of Alfalfa mosaic virus in lavandin in Croatia

Abstract

SUMMARYA survey was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to detect the presence and distribution of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) in lavandin crops growing in continental parts of Croatia. A total of 73 lavandin samples from six crops in different localities were collected and analyzed for the presence of AMV and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) using commercial double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA kits. AMV was detected serologically in 62 samples collected at three different localities, and none of the samples tested positive for CMV. For further analyses, six selected samples of naturally infected lavandin plants originating from different localities were mechanically transmitted to test plants: Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Nicotiana benthamiana and Ocimum basilicum, confirming the infectious nature of the disease. Molecular detection was performed by amplification of a 751 bp fragment in all tested samples, using the specific primers CP AMV1/CP AMV2 that amplify the part of the coat protein (CP) gene and 3'-UTR. The RT-PCR products derived from the isolates 371-13 and 373-13 were sequenced (KJ504107 and KJ504108, respectively) and compared with the AMV sequences available in GenBank. CP sequence analysis, conducted using the MEGA5 software, revealed that the isolate 371-13 had the highest nucleotide identity of 99.5% (100% amino acid identity) with an isolate from Argentina originating from Medicago sativa (KC881010), while the sequence of isolate 373-13 had the highest identity with an Italian AMV isolate from Lavandula stoechas (FN667967) of 98.6% (99% amino acid identity). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the clustering of selected isolates into four molecular groups and the lavandin AMV isolates from Croatia grouped into two distinct groups, implying a significant variability within the AMV lavandin population.

Molecular detection and identification of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) on pepper cultivated in open fields in R. Macedonia

“…These authors based the division of groups on the assumption of different evolution between the groups as a result of geographical distance. Our findings correspond to those of XU and NIE (2006) and STANKOVIĆ et al (2014), who have clustered AMV isolates in four or more different groups, which grouping wasn't based on geographical distribution.…”

“…During 2012, AMV was detected in 15% of the tested samples, later on to show a decrease in the distribution (only 2% of the examined pepper plants in 2013 and 2014). Fluctuations in the dispersal of AMV, ranging from several tested samples to widespread distribution, were also observed by other authors (CHATZIVASSILIOU et al, 2004;MASSUMI and POUR, 2007;WANG et al, 2012;MILOŠEVIĆ, 2013;RUSEVSKI et al, 2009;2013;STANKOVIĆ et al, 2014).…”

“…Mutual for all of these divisions was the clustering of AMV isolates within group II, where the Macedonian isolate KUA7-2013 was situated. This group could be observed in all types of divisions (PARRELLA et al, 2000;XU and NIE, 2006;PARRELLA et al, 2010;PARRELLA et al, 2011;MILOŠEVIĆ, 2013;STANKOVIĆ et al, 2014). Within the deduced amino acid sequences of the AMV isolates from group II, 4 conservative positions could be observed: at position 67 the amino acid Serine (Ser; S) was observed, at position 84 Alanine (Ala; A), at position 176 Leucine (Leu; L) and at position 214 Aspartic acid (Asp; D) was observed (PARRELLA et al, 2000).…”

“…By determining the nucleotide sequences of the CP-gene, AMV isolates have been clustered in various groups by different authors (PARRELLA et al, 2000;XU and NIE, 2006;MILOŠEVIĆ, 2013;STANKOVIĆ et al, 2014).…”

Viruses infecting main ornamental plants: an overview

“…The lavender oil is widely used in aromatherapy, pharmacology, perfumery and cosmetology. In addition, lavender is a popular ornamental crop, cultured for decoration of gardens and landscapes all over the world (STANKOVIĆ et al, 2014). The most common disease of lavender and its hybrid form lavandin (Lavandula hybrida Rev.)…”