The Springtime Western Pacific Pattern: Its Formation and Maintenance Mechanisms and Climate Impacts

Zhuge, Anran; Tan, Benkui

doi:10.1175/jcli-d-20-0051.1

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Day-to-day evolutionary features and the associated KE and APE balances of the EP pattern are examined and the following conclusions can be reached. Corridor (BBC) pattern over Eurasian continent (Xu et al, 2019) and WP pattern over the North Pacific (Zhuge & Tan, 2021). However, a remarkable difference is also observed for the barotropic energy conversion between the different teleconnection patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…To obtain the day‐to‐day x‐momentum equation used in this study, we start from Equation A12 in Zhuge and Tan (2021). Although the pressure gradient force and Coriolis force terms are an order of magnitude larger than the others, they are of opposite signs and fall onto the same order of magnitude with the rest of the terms once combined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To perform day‐to‐day budget analysis of kinetic energy (KE) and available potential energy (APE) for the EP pattern, the following KE equation is used (Zhuge & Tan, 2021)

\frac{\partial KE}{\partial t} = - \nabla \cdot (\overset{true¯}{\overset{v}{true}} KE) - \nabla \cdot (\overset{true⇀}{v_{c}^{'}} φ_{c}^{'}) + {CK}_{EP} + {CK}_{normalB} + {CK}_{normalE} + {CK}_{normalF},

where

\begin{array}{l} left & KE = \frac{1}{2} (u_{c}^{'^{2}} + v_{c}^{'^{2}}) \end{array},

\begin{array}{l} left & {CK}_{EP} = - \frac{R ω_{c}^{'} T_{c}^{'}}{p} \end{array},

\begin{array}{l} left & {CK}_{normalB} = - (u_{c}^{'} u_{c}^{'} \frac{\partial \bar{u}}{\partial x} + u_{c}^{'} v_{c}^{'} \frac{\partial \bar{u}}{\partial y} + u_{c}^{'} ω_{c}^{'} \frac{\partial \bar{u}}{\partial p} + v_{c}^{'} u_{c}^{'} \frac{\partial \bar{v}}{\partial x} + v_{c}^{'} v_{c}^{'} \frac{\partial \bar{v}}{\partial y} + v_{c}^{'} ω_{c}^{'} \frac{\partial \bar{v}}{\partial p}) \end{array},

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation is the same as that in Zhuge and Tan (2021) except that here we take the diffusion of heat by turbulent eddies into consideration. Here T is the air temperature,

σ = (R T / p c_{p}) - (\partial T / \partial p)

static stability parameter,

\dot{Q}

total diabatic heating rate including convective heating rate, large scale condensation heating rate, vertical diffusion heating rate, longwave radiative heating rate and solar radiative heating rate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We now turn to perform an energetics analysis of the EP pattern to quantitatively understand the relative roles of the various physical processes described by terms in the RHS of Equations 2 and 3 in the formation, maintenance, and decay of the EP pattern. To this end, we quantify every energy conversion/generation term in Equations 2 and 3 with the composited anomalies, similar to Tanaka et al (2016) and Zhuge and Tan (2021), and integrate each term horizontally over the domain (70°E−90°W, 0°−87.5°N) and vertically from the surface to 100 hPa. This integration domain covers roughly the EP pattern and EP-related anomalies.…”

Section: Energetics Of the Ep Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation and Maintenance Mechanisms of the Subseasonal Eastern Pacific Pattern: Energetics Analysis

Wang

Tan

2021

Earth and Space Science

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 Day-to-day balances of kinetic and available potential energy during the whole lifespan of the EP pattern are performed  The EP pattern as a whole is driven mainly by the baroclinic energy conversion and feedback forcing through transient eddies  The vertical component of the divergence of geopotential height flux anomaly is crucial to the dynamic coupling between tropospheric layers Accepted ArticleThis article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To perform day‐to‐day budget analysis of kinetic energy (KE) and available potential energy (APE) for the EP pattern, the following KE equation is used (Zhuge & Tan, 2021)

\frac{\partial KE}{\partial t} = - \nabla \cdot (\overset{true¯}{\overset{v}{true}} KE) - \nabla \cdot (\overset{true⇀}{v_{c}^{'}} φ_{c}^{'}) + {CK}_{EP} + {CK}_{normalB} + {CK}_{normalE} + {CK}_{normalF},

where

\begin{array}{l} left & KE = \frac{1}{2} (u_{c}^{'^{2}} + v_{c}^{'^{2}}) \end{array},

\begin{array}{l} left & {CK}_{EP} = - \frac{R ω_{c}^{'} T_{c}^{'}}{p} \end{array},

\begin{array}{l} left & {CK}_{normalB} = - (u_{c}^{'} u_{c}^{'} \frac{\partial \bar{u}}{\partial x} + u_{c}^{'} v_{c}^{'} \frac{\partial \bar{u}}{\partial y} + u_{c}^{'} ω_{c}^{'} \frac{\partial \bar{u}}{\partial p} + v_{c}^{'} u_{c}^{'} \frac{\partial \bar{v}}{\partial x} + v_{c}^{'} v_{c}^{'} \frac{\partial \bar{v}}{\partial y} + v_{c}^{'} ω_{c}^{'} \frac{\partial \bar{v}}{\partial p}) \end{array},

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation is the same as that in Zhuge and Tan (2021) except that here we take the diffusion of heat by turbulent eddies into consideration. Here T is the air temperature,

σ = (R T / p c_{p}) - (\partial T / \partial p)

static stability parameter,

\dot{Q}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energetics Of the Ep Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation and Maintenance Mechanisms of the Subseasonal Eastern Pacific Pattern: Energetics Analysis

Wang

Tan

2021

Earth and Space Science

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A new subseasonal atmospheric teleconnection bridging tropical deep convection over the western North Pacific and Antarctic weather

Sun

Tan

2022

Atmospheric Science Letters

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Previous studies indicate that convective heating variability of the western North Pacific summer monsoon (WNPSM) influences strongly weather and climate over East Asia. Based on daily reanalysis data and interpolated outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data, this study demonstrates that the WNPSM convection can also cause severe weather events remotely over the Antarctic through the exciting of the Australia-South Pacific-Atlantic wave train (ASPA pattern). Surface air temperature (SAT) rises over the Ross Sea-Mawson-Dumont d'Urville Seas sector and over the Weddell Sea, while the SAT drops over the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Seas. Concurrently, sea ice concentration (SIC) is reduced over the Ross Sea and enhanced over the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Seas. The result suggests that the newly found ASPA pattern may serve as an important bridge linking the WNPSM convection and the weather over the Antarctic region.The dynamics of ASPA's formation and propagation are also investigated comprehensively. Day-to-day energy budget analysis suggests that after its initiation by WNPSM convection, the ASPA pattern is driven by the baroclinic energy conversion from the climatological flow and nonlinear term. The barotropic energy conversion from the climatological flow contributes to positive KE tendency before day +1 and negative KE tendency after day +1. It is therefore extremely important to improve the representations of the climatological-mean sea ice and jet stream, wave-mean flow interaction and wave-wave interaction in the mid-and high-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, as well as the convection over the WNPSM region of the Northern Hemisphere in numerical model for a better weather prediction for the Antarctic.

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Phase dependence of growth mechanisms in the daily energetics of the North Atlantic Oscillation

Kim,

Sung,

Yoo

2024

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a dominant atmospheric variability in the Northern Hemisphere that has a substantial impact on weather and climate on various time scales. Here, we investigate the role of energy conversion terms day‐by‐day during the NAO life cycle. The relative timing and contribution of the energy conversion terms are quantified by projecting the terms onto the eddy total energy, eddy kinetic energy (EKE), and eddy available potential energy (EAPE) patterns associated with the NAO. The results show a remarkable phase dependence in the growth and maintenance mechanisms. For positive NAOs, the initial growth is driven by the barotropic interactions between the eddies propagating over North America. This suggests that a non‐local growth mechanism plays an important role in the initiation of positive NAOs. In contrast, it is the baroclinic processes that initiate negative NAOs. The conversion of the mean APE into the EAPE and then into the EKE, processes which include eddy heat fluxes and vertical motions, results in the relatively local growth of negative NAOs. During the mature phase, the largest source of energy is the conversion of the mean APE into EAPE. Part of this is converted to EKE, making a substantial contribution to the maintenance of the EKE. This process is particularly important for negative NAOs.

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The Springtime Western Pacific Pattern: Its Formation and Maintenance Mechanisms and Climate Impacts

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Formation and Maintenance Mechanisms of the Subseasonal Eastern Pacific Pattern: Energetics Analysis

Formation and Maintenance Mechanisms of the Subseasonal Eastern Pacific Pattern: Energetics Analysis

A new subseasonal atmospheric teleconnection bridging tropical deep convection over the western North Pacific and Antarctic weather

Phase dependence of growth mechanisms in the daily energetics of the North Atlantic Oscillation

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