The Stability of Time Estimation in Older Adults

Anderson, Jonathan; Rueda, Alicia D; Schmitter‐Edgecombe, Maureen

doi:10.2190/ag.78.3.c

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In a verbal estimation task, Rueda and Schmitter‐Edgecombe showed that all participants on average underestimated the intervals but the absolute error of the older participants was larger than that of younger participants (see also Ref. ). These results suggest that the different findings between studies could be due to the varying task complexity and that under higher cognitive load, findings tend to support the predictions of slower clock speed or less efficient integration of clock signals due to lower attentional resources …”

Section: Temporal Processing Of Healthy Agingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“Walking” through the sensory, cognitive, and temporal degradations of healthy aging

Paraskevoudi

Balcı

Vatakis

2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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As we age, there is a wide range of changes in motor, sensory, cognitive, and temporal processing due to alterations in the functioning of the central nervous and musculoskeletal systems. Specifically, aging is associated with degradations in gait; altered processing of the individual sensory systems; modifications in executive control, memory, and attention; and changes in temporal processing. These age-related alterations are often inter-related and have been suggested to result from shared neural substrates. Additionally, the overlap between these brain areas and those controlling walking raises the possibility of facilitating performance in several tasks by introducing protocols that can efficiently target all four domains. Attempts to counteract these negative effects of normal aging have been focusing on research to prevent falls and/or enhance cognitive processes, while ignoring the potential multisensory benefits accompanying old age. Research shows that the aging brain tends to increasingly rely on multisensory integration to compensate for degradations in individual sensory systems and for altered neural functioning. This review covers the age-related changes in the above-mentioned domains and the potential to exploit the benefits associated with multisensory integration in aging so as to improve one's mobility and enhance sensory, cognitive, and temporal processing.

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Section: Temporal Processing Of Healthy Agingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“Walking” through the sensory, cognitive, and temporal degradations of healthy aging

Paraskevoudi

Balcı

Vatakis

2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…Time production tasks can serve as effective tools in evaluating these individual differences in clock speed and/or the storage of the clock reading into memory [ 28 , 29 ]. The rate of functioning of the internal clock may be associated with one’s preferred spontaneous motor tempo and may also be modulated by working memory resources [ 8 , 22 , 30 , 31 ]. The pulse emission rate can be manipulated by a number of factors, including resource allocation, pharmacological agents, brain lesions, and click training [ 8 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Influencing Timing and Time Perception

2015

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Performance on different psychophysical tasks measuring the sense of time indicates a large amount of individual variation in the accuracy and precision of timing in the hundredths of milliseconds-to-minutes range. Quantifying factors with an influence on timing is essential to isolating a biological (genetic) contribution to the perception and estimation of time. In the largest timing study to date, 647 participants completed a duration-discrimination task in the sub-second range and a time-production task in the supra-second range. We confirm the stability of a participant’s time sense across multiple sessions and substantiate a modest sex difference on time production. Moreover, we demonstrate a strong correlation between performance on a standardized cognitive battery and performance in both duration-discrimination and time-production tasks; we further show that performance is uncorrelated with age after controlling for general intelligence. Additionally, we find an effect of ethnicity on time sense, with African Americans and possibly Hispanics in our cohort differing in accuracy and precision from other ethnic groups. Finally, a preliminary genome-wide association and exome chip study was performed on 148 of the participants, ruling out the possibility for a single common variant or groups of low-frequency coding variants within a single gene to explain more than ~18% of the variation in the sense of time.

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“…While interval perception has been examined in various populations, such as young healthy adults, children (e.g., Clement and Droit-Volet, 2006 ; Droit-Volet and Rattat, 2007 ; Rattat and Droit-Volet, 2007 ; Droit-Volet, 2008 , 2017 ; Droit-Volet and Izaute, 2009 ; but see Droit-Volet et al, 2007 , for short-term memory of single interval), older adults (e.g., McCormack et al, 1999 , 2002 ; Lustig and Meck, 2001 ; Bherer et al, 2007 ; Lustig and Meck, 2011 ; Anderson et al, 2014 ), and clinical patients (e.g., mild cognitive impairment: Rueda and Schmitter-Edgecombe, 2009 ; Heinik, 2012 ; Mioni et al, 2018 ; Alzheimer’s disease: Nichelli et al, 1993 ; Hellstrom and Almkvist, 1997 ; Carrasco et al, 2000 ; Caselli et al, 2009 ; El Haj et al, 2013 , 2014 ), the working memory aspects of multiple intervals have been left uninvestigated. When it applies to real life situations, working memory always takes place in our timing and time perception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Time Intervals of Visual Events Are Represented as Discrete Items in Working Memory

Fan

Yotsumoto

2018

Front. Psychol.

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Previous studies on time perception and temporal memory have focused primarily on single time intervals; it is still unclear how multiple time intervals are perceived and maintained in working memory. In the present study, using Sternberg’s item recognition task, we compared the working memory of multiple items with different time intervals and visual textures, for sub- and supra-second ranges, and investigated the characteristics of working memory representation in the framework of the signal detection theory. In Experiments 1–3, gratings with different spatial frequencies and time intervals were sequentially presented as study items, followed by another grating as a probe. Participants determined whether the probe matched one of the study gratings, in either the temporal dimension or in the visual dimension. The results exhibited typical working memory characteristics such as the effects of memory load, serial position, and similarity between probe and study gratings, similarly, to the time intervals and visual textures. However, there were some differences between the two conditions. Specifically, the recency effect for time intervals was smaller, or even absent, as compared to that for visual textures. Further, as compared with visual textures, sub-second intervals were more likely to be judged as remembered in working memory. In addition, we found interactions between visual texture memory and time interval memory, and such visual–interval binding differed between sub- and supra-second ranges. Our results indicate that multiple time intervals are stored as discrete items in working memory, similarly, to visual texture memory, but the former might be more susceptible to decay than the latter. The differences in the binding between sub- and supra-second ranges imply that working memory for sub- and supra-second ranges may differ in the relatively higher decision stage.

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The Stability of Time Estimation in Older Adults

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

“Walking” through the sensory, cognitive, and temporal degradations of healthy aging

“Walking” through the sensory, cognitive, and temporal degradations of healthy aging

Analysis of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Influencing Timing and Time Perception

Multiple Time Intervals of Visual Events Are Represented as Discrete Items in Working Memory

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