The Standardization of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function in Children and Adolescents: Report from the Standardisation Committee of the International Children’s Continence Society

Nevéus, Tryggve; Gontard, Alexander von; Hoebeke, Piet; Hjälmås, K; Bauer, Stuart B.; Bower, Wendy; Jørgensen, Troels Munch; Rittig, Søren; Walle, Johan Vande; Yeung, Chung Kwong; Djurhuus, Jens Christian

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(06)00305-3

Cited by 1,191 publications

(1,105 citation statements)

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“…Although the International Children's Continence Society broadly defines enuresis as intermittent incontinence while sleeping, enuresis is typically categorized as monosymptomatic (no history of lower urinary tract symptoms, excluding nocturia, and without a history of bladder dysfunction) and nonmonosymptomatic enuresis (often due to bladder overactivity). 19 Owing to our study design, we could not determine whether lower urinary tract symptoms were present in our study population. The ability to classify enuresis into monosymptomatic and nonmonsymptomatic is important for understanding the mechanism of enuresis in this population.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 95%

Enuresis Is a Common and Persistent Problem Among Children and Young Adults with Sickle Cell Anemia

Field

Austin

An³

et al. 2008

Urology

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OBJECTIVES-Enuresis and nocturia are common among children with sickle cell anemia (SCA). The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of enuresis and nocturia among children and young adults with SCA and determine the relationship, if any, between these symptoms and SCA-related morbidity.METHODS-A prospective infant cohort of African-American children with SCA was previously established from the Cooperative Study for Sickle Cell Disease. Included in this cohort were children with SCA enrolled before 6 months of age for whom questions about enuresis and nocturia had been completed.RESULTS-A total of 213 participants were included in this analysis. Sixty-nine individuals (33%) experienced enuresis over the course of the study. No children under 6 years of age were asked about enuresis. Thereafter, enuresis was most prevalent between the ages of 6 and 8 years (42%) and continued to be common in young adults ages 18 to 20 years (9%). Seventy-nine percent of individuals reported a history of nocturia. There was no association between enuresis or nocturia and an increased rate of pain or acute chest syndrome (ACS) episodes.CONCLUSIONS-Enuresis and nocturia are common in children with SCA. Among adults with SCA, enuresis and nocturia are more persistent compared with adults in the general population. Enuresis and nocturia are not associated with an increased rate of pain or ACS.Enuresis and nocturia are common problems for individuals with sickle cell anemia (SCA). 1,2 Prevalence estimates of enuresis in children with SCA range from 20% to 69%, 1-7 , whereas nocturia has been described in up to 68% of children with SCA. 1 Among the general pediatric population, the prevalence of enuresis at age 5 years is 15%, 8 and the prevalence of nocturia is 40% in children ages 6 to 11 years. 9 The prevalence of enuresis and nocturia decreases with age in the general population, and in young adults enuresis and nocturia are present in 1% to 2% and 3%, respectively. 10,11 The reason why enuresis and nocturia are more common in SCA is not well defined. Multiple factors may contribute to the underlying mechanism of enuresis and nocturia among individuals with SCA including a decreased ability to concentrate urine and a low maximum functional bladder capacity. 1,12 Sickle cell anemia is one of the most common genetic diseases in the United States, affecting 1 in 600 African-American births. 13 Vaso-occlusion due to rigid sickle erythrocytes causes many of the complications associated with SCA. SCA-related morbidities attributable to vasoocclusion include pain and acute chest syndrome (ACS) Several studies have reported the prevalence of enuresis and nocturia among children with SCA; however, few data exist describing how the prevalence of enuresis and nocturia changes as children become young adults. In a cross-sectional study of 987 children with SCA, Mabiala Babela et al. reported a 59% prevalence of enuresis in children ages 5 to 10 years, which decreased to 16% at 16 years of age. 5 Few studies have report...

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 95%

Enuresis Is a Common and Persistent Problem Among Children and Young Adults with Sickle Cell Anemia

Field

Austin

An³

et al. 2008

Urology

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“…15,16 The ICI-CDT does not recommend UDS, before starting treatment for fecal impaction, in these cases.…”

Section: Urodynamic Testing In Children (Neurologically Affected or Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uroflowmetry with a PVR determination are, however, recommended as a ''screening tool'' and it is recommended that ''the best'' of a few of these tests that are the most representative in the view of the patients (and caregiver) is taken for diagnosis. 15 Uroflowmetry with a PVR determination and UDS are indicated if the UI persists despite medical therapy, since various studies, reviews, and guidelines agree on the relevance of UDS in children with UI and/or nocturnal enuresis resistant to initial (conservative) treatment. The ICI-CDT recommends complete UDS in children with UI and with nocturnal enuresis resistant to conservative treatment, and -or if invasive treatments are contemplated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive summary: The International Consultation on Incontinence 2008—committee on: “Dynamic Testing”; for urinary or fecal incontinence. Part 2: Urodynamic Testing in male patients with symptoms of urinary incontinence, in patients with relevant neurological abnormalities, and in children and in frail elderly with symptoms of urinary incontinence

Szabo

Capewell

Gajewski

et al. 2009

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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Aims:The members of 'The International Consultation on Incontinence 2008 (Paris) Committee on Dynamic Testing' provide an executive summary of the chapter 'Dynamic Testing' that discusses (urodynamic) testing methods for patients with signs and or symptoms of urinary incontinence. Testing of patients with signs and or symptoms of fecal incontinence is also discussed. Methods: Evidence based and consensus committee report. Results: The chapter 'Dynamic Testing' is a continuation of previous Consultation reports added with a new systematic literature search and expert discussion. Conclusions, based on the published evidence and recommendations, based on the integration of evidence with expert experience and discussion are provided separately, for transparency. Conclusion: This second part of a series of three articles summarizes the committee's recommendations about: 'Urodynamic testing of male patients with symptoms of incontinence, of patients with relevant neurological abnormalities, testing of children and of frail elderly with symptoms of incontinence' and includes only the most recent and relevant literature references. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:146-152, 2010. ß 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: consensus committee; incontinence (children); incontinence (frail elderly); incontinence (male); incontinence (neurologic); urodynamics INTRODUCTIONSubsequent to the first two reports of the International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI) 1,2 the chapter ''Urodynamic Testing'' was renamed ''Dynamic Testing'' in the third and fourth reports because of the additional inclusion of recommendations on the (diagnostic) management of fecal incontinence. 3 We (members of ''The ICI 2008 Committee on Dynamic Testing'': ICI-CDT) provide an executive summary of the chapter ''Dynamic Testing'' in the fourth ICI-report on incontinence. 4 The ICI-report, with the ICI-CDT chapter discussed here, has the intention to provide recommendations on the basis of the most reliable evidence for the current state of assessment of the patient with urinary or fecal incontinence. To this aim, dedicated and systematic literature searches were performed on the basis of keywords and on the basis of articles related to references in the previous ICI-reports. Throughout the chapters' text ''conclusion(s)'': solely and entirely based on the published scientific evidence, and ''recommendation(s)'' are highlighted. The ''recommendations'' are the integration of scientific evidence with the expert group consensus, together with the discussion with the attendees during the ICI meeting. Conclusions are separated from recommendations to produce maximum transparency about the ''evidence base'' of the recommendations. Likewise obtained ''topics(s) for research'' are also highlighted in the text of the ICI-report. In this executive summary, we discuss the chapter ''Dynamic Testing'' from the ICI-report in three parts: The innovations in urodynamic techniques ''in general,'' the test characteristics and normal values of urodynamic studies (UDS) as well as the asse...

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“…Patients with nocturnal enuresis can be categorized as MNE or NMNE, depending on the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms. The standardization paper of the ICCS in 2006 resulted in an identification of more children with NMNE, who were previously considered as having MNE due to a superficial screening [3] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Nocturnal Enuresismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiologic and psychologic studies often fail to: [2] differentiate between monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and non-MNE (NMNE), [1] describe bladder and diuresis characteristics, and [3] report comorbidities. Most pediatric and urological studies have more elaborate screenings but are often restricted to tertiary centers, with a predominance of refractory cases and an important referral bias, making extrapolation into a primary care setting almost impossible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incontinence and psychological problems in children: a common central nervous pathway?

Herzeele

Walle

2016

Pediatr Nephrol

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Nocturnal enuresis is caused by a mismatch between the nocturnal bladder capacity and the nocturnal diuresis rate, in the presence of a deficient arousability in the majority of patients, according to the pediatric and urologic literature. Psychiatric and psychologic literature are still concentrating on the potential role of psychological factors and central nervous mechanisms in the pathogenesis, as is reflected in the DMS-5 criteria. However, research has clearly shown several important comorbidities between neuropsychological dysfunctions and nocturnal enuresis. Due to the increased comorbidity of (neuro)psychological problems, sleep problems, circadian rhythms, and enuresis, the question arises as to whether there is a possible common central pathway in the pathogenesis. It is likely that the coexistence of these problems can be attributed to a common central nervous system involvement. The specific role of the central nervous system remains unclear, but several pathways are possible. The high comorbidity between enuresis, sleep, and (neuro)psychological functioning is probably attributable to a common pathogenetic pathway, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary focus in screening and treatment in children with nocturnal enuresis.

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The Standardization of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function in Children and Adolescents: Report from the Standardisation Committee of the International Children’s Continence Society

Abstract: New definitions and a standardized terminology are provided, taking into account changes in the adult sphere and new research results.

Cited by 1,191 publications

References 27 publications

Enuresis Is a Common and Persistent Problem Among Children and Young Adults with Sickle Cell Anemia

Enuresis Is a Common and Persistent Problem Among Children and Young Adults with Sickle Cell Anemia

Incontinence and psychological problems in children: a common central nervous pathway?

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