The STARE/SABRE story

Nielsen, E.; Schmidt, W.

doi:10.5194/hgss-5-63-2014

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…In their review of the combined STARE/SABRE campaigns, Nielsen and Schmidt (2014) noted that studying the radar aurora gained popularity when researchers discovered that the back-scattered signal contained information about the background electric field. In their review of the combined STARE/SABRE campaigns, Nielsen and Schmidt (2014) noted that studying the radar aurora gained popularity when researchers discovered that the back-scattered signal contained information about the background electric field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Scandinavian Twin Aurora Radar Experiment (STARE) and the Sweden And Britain Radar Experiment (SABRE) provided a large body of observations of coherent echoes from the auroral E-region. In their review of the combined STARE/SABRE campaigns, Nielsen and Schmidt (2014) noted that studying the radar aurora gained popularity when researchers discovered that the back-scattered signal contained information about the background electric field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Farley‐Buneman Spectrum in 2‐D and 3‐D Particle‐in‐Cell Simulations

2020

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Since the 1960s, the Farley-Buneman instability has played an important role in probing the E-region ionosphere. The intervening years have seen significant progress in the linear theory of this instability, its relation to other instabilities, and some of its observational signatures. However, the saturation mechanism and nonlinear behavior remain open topics because of their role in controlling energy flow in the E-region plasma. This paper explores the saturated state of the Farley-Buneman instability in 2-D and 3-D kinetic simulations of the high-latitude ionosphere, at three different simulated altitudes: 107, 110, and 113 km. These simulations show irregularity amplitude growth and saturation in all runs, but irregularity growth takes much longer in 2-D than in 3-D. Once the simulations reach saturation, wave power in the meter-scale regime falls off as a power law below the wavelength of peak growth, but the power law index is larger in 3-D than in 2-D. At longer wavelengths, the 3-D spectrum is much flatter than the 2-D spectrum. This implies that purely 2-D simulations of the Farley-Buneman instability may overestimate irregularity amplitudes at decameter scales and may also underestimate the efficiency of ion Landau damping at the ion mean-free-path scale. From a physical perspective, the relatively flat spectra above the wavelength of peak growth in 3-D simulations imply a wavelength-independent saturation mechanism across a range of altitudes. Finally, both 2-D and 3-D simulations demonstrate the importance of accounting for zeroth-order ion drift when estimating the flow angle of density irregularities. Plain Language SummaryAt approximately 90-120 km in altitude, the Earth's atmosphere comprises a gas containing mostly neutral molecules, and a small number of positively charged ions and electrons. This sort of gas is called a weakly ionized plasma. Aeronomy researchers have known for decades that the weakly ionized plasma around 90-120 km in Earth's atmosphere can grow unstable and reflect radio waves, and they have used radio-wave reflection as one technique to probe this region of geospace. However, the aeronomy community still does not understand the nature of the fully developed plasma instabilities in this region. This work addresses that problem with computer simulations. It finds that 2-D simulations do not capture all the characteristics of 3-D simulations, which should mimic reality more closely. It also finds that whatever mechanism creates the fully developed 3-D instability should apply to wavelengths from a few meters to tens of meters. Finally, this work suggests that the direction along which the unstable waves travel should change in a predictable way as altitude increases. These conclusions will help future researchers estimate atmospheric parameters based on radar and rocket measurements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Farley‐Buneman Spectrum in 2‐D and 3‐D Particle‐in‐Cell Simulations

2020

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“…In addition to Heating there was a dedicated diagnostic HF radio-wave propagation experiment installed. Furthermore, the STARE (Scandinavian Twin Auroral Radar Experiment) backscatter radar (Nielsen and Schmidt, 2014) and a host of other diagnostic geophysical instruments not too far from Tromsø made the location most suitable.…”

Section: A Few Remarks On the Period 1976-1981mentioning

confidence: 99%

History of EISCAT – Part 4: On the German contribution to the early years of EISCAT

Haerendel

2016

Hist. Geo Space. Sci.

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Abstract. The decision of the Max Planck Society (MPG) to get involved in the establishment of an incoherent scatter radar in northern Europe was intimately linked to the future of the Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy (MPAe) in Katlenburg-Lindau. Delegates of the MPG played an important role in defining the rules for participation in EISCAT during the period from 1973 to 1975. The "technical" period from 1976 to 1981 was mainly devoted to the development of the UHF transmitter and the klystrons. The latter encountered great difficulties, causing substantial delays. During the same period the ionospheric heating facility was established by MPAe at Ramfjordmoen, Norway. The period following the inauguration in August 1981 saw a great number of changes in the leading personnel. In this context much attention had to be given to taxation rules. Besides continuing hardware problems with the UHF radar, severe problems arose with design and manufacturing of the VHF klystrons, requiring changes of the contractor. However, by fall of 1983 the UHF radar was able to reach the intended operational level. In 1984 important steps were made for archiving and for proper exploitation of the EISCAT data.

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The Radar Aurora

Hysell

2015

Geophysical Monograph Series

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The STARE/SABRE story

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

The Farley‐Buneman Spectrum in 2‐D and 3‐D Particle‐in‐Cell Simulations

The Farley‐Buneman Spectrum in 2‐D and 3‐D Particle‐in‐Cell Simulations

History of EISCAT – Part 4: On the German contribution to the early years of EISCAT

The Radar Aurora

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