“…This sets the period for the occurrence of instability events such as public demonstrations, coups, riots, strikes, and civil wars (Elbahnasawy, Ellis, & Adom, 2016;Kieh, 2009). Political instability gives rise to economic uncertainty and mismanagement, which poses a direct challenge for firms' survival (Chikweche, 2013;Saadatyar, Poursalimi, Al-Tabbaa, & Iannotta, 2020).…”