The State of Diversity in American Surgery

Ellis, Danielle; Khubchandani, Jasmine A.

doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000004518

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…2,4,10 Additionally, our results demonstrate that minority and women representation in top academic surgical positions was not representative of the United States population or even medical school graduates. 3,11,12 In our survey, a very small minority of chairs selfidentified as women (10.5%) and a smaller proportion of AOA ASDCs identified as women (50% vs 74%). Richter et al 13 demonstrated women physicians were consistently less likely to receive academic promotion than their men counterparts over a 35-year period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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The Demographics and Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society Membership Status of Surgery’s Top Leadership

Naaseh

Tohmasi

Stamos

et al. 2023

The American Surgeon™

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Purpose Diversity and equity are priorities of many academic Departments of Surgery (DoS). Induction into Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society (AOA) denotes academic excellence and can potentially propel an academic career. Research has demonstrated that underrepresented in medicine (URM) students are less likely to be elected to AOA. In this study, we aim to examine the Chairs in American departments of surgery to examine their gender, racial, and ethnic background and AOA membership status. Method An anonymous survey was generated via REDCap and electronically sent to the Chair of Surgery at the top 75 DoS based on “Reputation” on Doximity Residency Navigator 2020-2021. Seven chairs with non-publicly accessible email addresses were excluded. Results Of the eligible chairs (N = 68), 38 (55.9%) completed the survey, of which 34 (89.5%) identified as men. AOA membership was reported in 65.8% (n = 25) respondents, with 8% (n = 2) self-identifying as women and 92% (n = 23) self-identifying as men. Of the men respondents, 74% (n = 25) reported AOA membership, while 50% of women (n = 2) reported AOA membership. Of the AOA chairs, 4% (n = 1) self-identified as Asian while 96% (n = 24) self-identified as White. The majority (57.9%, n = 22) of eligible chair respondents were White, men, and AOA members. Of the 25 AOA members, 18 (72.0%) felt their membership has positively impacted their career. Conclusions We found that the majority of American Surgical Chairs self-identify as white men. The number of men who were AOA was higher than women chairs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Demographics and Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society Membership Status of Surgery’s Top Leadership

Naaseh

Tohmasi

Stamos

et al. 2023

The American Surgeon™

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“…Above all, there is a clear crisis of underrepresentation of surgical trainees of color, and especially women in color, across the country, and thus an imminent need to ensure representation, sponsorship, and the cultivation of an inclusive environment across all levels of surgical training. 33 In conclusion, the results of this survey highlight the widespread variability in imposter syndrome and assertiveness among surgical trainees and surgeons, with markedly more imposter syndrome and less assertiveness among female trainees. Given that intrapersonal traits such as these have now been consistently validated as quantitatively measurable, there is a need for the systematic evaluation of these traits in the same fashion as other skills that have been routinely emphasized in the field, such as surgical technique.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 70%

From Self-efficacy to Imposter Syndrome: The Intrapersonal Traits of Surgeons

et al. 2022

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Background:Demographic differences among surgical trainees regarding intrapersonal traits, such as imposter syndrome and assertiveness, have become widely acknowledged. However, many of these characteristics have not been examined in tandem, nor among both trainees and surgeons in practice. This study aimed to address these knowledge gaps.Methods:This was an anonymous, voluntary survey study comprised of validated measures of (1) self-efficacy, (2) imposter syndrome, (3) assertiveness, (4) perfectionism, and (5) self-rated likeability. A multimodal recruitment strategy was used and surgeons across all subspecialties were eligible for inclusion.Results:A total of 296 participants were included, with 54% identifying as female (n = 161) and 72% between the ages of 25 and 40 years of age (n = 212). Imposter syndrome, assertiveness, and perfectionism scales were normally distributed; self-efficacy and self-rated likeability scales demonstrated slight negative skew. Self-identified male sex was associated with less imposter syndrome (P < 0.001) and perfectionism (P = 0.035) and higher assertiveness (P < 0.001). Imposter syndrome was less common among older age groups (P = 0.001).Conclusions:Surgeons are a self-efficacious group of perfectionists with widespread variability in imposter syndrome and assertiveness. Female sex and younger age were associated with more imposter syndrome and less assertiveness, highlighting an opportunity for early career coaching.

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“…13 Although there is a lack of diversity in surgical specialties, minimal improvement has been made to increase racial diversity. [14][15][16][17][18][19] Therefore, scholarships may be an initiative to start improving, recruiting, and fostering diversity within residency programs. Previous studies have indicated that extramural rotations positively correlated with a student's ability to match into a surgical specialty, since it provided the applicant an opportunity to show interest in a program, demonstrate surgical abilities, and receive a letter of recommendation from a faculty member.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Underrepresented in Medicine Away Rotation Scholarships in Surgical Specialties

Bernstein

Wei

et al. 2022

Journal of Graduate Medical Education

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Background Underrepresented in medicine (UIM) visiting student clerkship scholarships provide an opportunity for supporting diversity. Although these scholarships have become a popular initiative to recruit diverse surgical applicants, they have not been thoroughly analyzed regarding which programs offer scholarships and the characteristics of the scholarships. UIM scholarship opportunity disparities may exist depending on location, funding, reputation, and program size among different specialties. Objective To describe the characteristics and prevalence of UIM visiting student scholarships by examining institutional and program websites for the surgical specialties. Methods Using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Accreditation Data System for 2021, residency training and diversity websites were identified and evaluated for the availability of UIM visiting student scholarships in July 2021. Eight surgical specialties were examined. Scholarships were categorized by how UIM was defined, the funding amount provided, and scholarship application requirements. We analyzed the association of the program's National Institutes of Health funding, size, type, region, reputation, and population density of the program's area via Doximity on scholarship availability using chi-square and multivariate analysis. Results Of the 1058 analyzed programs, 314 (29.7%) had a UIM visiting student scholarship. There were 4 different definitions of UIM used among the analyzed programs. The average scholarship amount offered was $1,852.25 ($500-$4,000). Depending on the specialty, different variables were associated with whether a program had a UIM scholarship. Conclusions Currently, UIM scholarship offerings were variable between programs and surgical specialties.

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The State of Diversity in American Surgery

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

The Demographics and Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society Membership Status of Surgery’s Top Leadership

The Demographics and Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society Membership Status of Surgery’s Top Leadership

From Self-efficacy to Imposter Syndrome: The Intrapersonal Traits of Surgeons

An Analysis of Underrepresented in Medicine Away Rotation Scholarships in Surgical Specialties

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