The static elastic properties of 45 human thoracic and 20 abdominal aortas in vitro and the parameters of a new model

Langewouters, G.J.; Wesseling, Karel H.; Goedhard, W.J.A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(84)90034-4

Cited by 505 publications

(345 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…where S is the cross sectional area, P is blood pressure and a, b and g are three optimal parameters describing the spatial position of the diameter/pressure curve [18]. Cross-sectional compliance (C = DS/DP) [19] was calculated as:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression of large artery structural and functional alterations in Type I diabetes

et al. 2001

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We have previously shown that Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is accompanied by a reduced distensibility of the carotid artery, the radial artery and the aorta [1]. We have also shown that this reduction is associated with an increased thickness of the vessel walls and that both changes can be found even in relatively young subjects with no increase in blood pressure and no macrovascular or microvascular complications [1]. This provides evidence that in diabetes there is an alteration of mechanical function and structure which involves both large elastic and middle-size muscle arteries [2±9]. It also provides evidence that this is an early phenomenon of the disease, promoting (1) the remodelling of smaller arteries [10,11] which could facilitate a blood pressure increase, a condition commonly associated with diabe-Progression of large artery structural and functional alterations in Type I diabetes Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is accompanied by reduced arterial distensibility and increased arterial wall thickness even in normotensive subjects with no micro-macrovascular complications. It is not known whether, and how fast, these subclinical markers of vascular damage develop over time.Methods. We measured arterial wall distensibility in radial, common carotid artery and abdominal aorta in 60 normotensive patients (aged 35.0 1.2 years, means SE) with Type I diabetes with no microvascular or macrovascular complications and in 20 healthy control subjects matched for age. Arterial distensibility was determined by continuous measurements of arterial diameter through echotracking techniques and by using either the Langewouters (radial artery) or the Reneman formula (carotid artery and aorta). The same echotracking techniques allowed us to ascertain the radial and carotid artery wall thickness. Data were collected before and after 23 1 months.Results. In the first study, carotid artery distensibility was similar but radial artey and aortic distensibility was less (p < 0.01) in patients with diabetes than in control subjects (±39 % and 25 % respectively). This was accompanied by an increase (p < 0.01) in both radial (42 %) and carotid artery wall thickness (46 %). After 23 1 months diabetic subjects showed a further reduction in arterial distensibility (radial±12 %, p < 0.05; carotid±8 %, NS; aorta±20 % p < 0.05) and an increase in arterial wall thickness (radial + 15 %; carotid 14 %, p < 0,05). No change in distensibility and wall thickness values occurred in control subjects. Conclusion/interpretation. The early reduction in arterial distensibility and increase in arterial wall thickness characterizing uncomplicated normotensive Type I diabetes patients shows a measurable worsening over the short term. [Diabetologia (2001) 44: 203±208]

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression of large artery structural and functional alterations in Type I diabetes

et al. 2001

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“…where S is the cross-sectional area, P is blood pressure and a, b and g are three optimal variables describing the spatial position of the diameter/pressure curve [32]. Cross-sectional compliance (C = DS/DP) [33] was calculated as:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early impairment of large artery structure and function in Type I diabetes mellitus

et al. 1999

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Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis [1]. Atherosclerosis is responsible for the increased rate of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral artery disease typical of diabetes mellitus [2±13]. It is not, however, well established how early alterations in large artery function, that may preceed the appearance and favour the progression of atherosclerotic lesions, i. e. a reduced arterial distensibility, occur in diabetic patients [14±16]. This is because most studies on arterial distensibility have been done in Type II (non-insulindependent) diabetes mellitus, where it is difficult to separate the arterial stiffening due to abnormalities Diabetologia (1999) Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased incidence of atherosclerosis. How early functional and structural alterations of large arteries that may preceed atherosclerosis occur in the course of this disease has, however, never been conclusively documented. Methods. We evaluated arterial wall distensibility in the radial artery, common carotid artery and abdominal aorta in 133 patients (aged 35.4 ± 0.9 years, means ± SEM) with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and no macrovascular complications. Arterial distensibility was derived from continuous measurements of arterial diameter through echotracking techniques and use of either the Langewouters (radial artery) or the Reneman (carotid artery and aorta) formula. The same echotracking techniques enabled us to obtain radial artery and carotid artery wall thickness. Data were compared with those from 70 age-matched normotensive control subjects. Results. In diabetic patients arterial distensibility was consistently less (p < 0.01) than in control subjects, the reduction averaging 26 %, 14 % and 25 % for the radial artery, carotid artery and aorta, respectively. This was accompanied by an increase (p < 0.01) in both radial and carotid artery wall thickness. The changes were more pronounced in patients with microalbuminuria, retinopathy or neuropathy or both. They were evident also in those without microvascular complications. This was the case also when subjects in whom diabetes was associated with hypertension (n = 30) were excluded from data analysis. Carotid and aortic wall abnormalities showed a relation with the duration of disease and blood pressure whereas radial artery abnormalities showed a relation with glycated haemoglobin. Conclusion/interpretation. Type I diabetes is characterised by diffuse arterial wall stiffening and thickening which progress with the severity of the disease but can clearly be seen also in the absence of any diabetic-related complication. This suggests that in diabetes stiffening and thickening are an early marker of vascular damage. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 987± 994]

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“…Wesseling et al [69] developed a method to derive cardiac output from pressure using the three-element Windkessel. The characteristic impedance and total arterial compliance are given as non-linear functions of pressure based on the data of Langewouters [26,27], using gender, age, body length and weight. An initial value for peripheral resistance in [81].…”

Section: Use and Clinical Relevance Of The Windkesselmentioning

confidence: 99%

The arterial Windkessel

Westerhof

Lankhaar

Westerhof³

2008

Med Biol Eng Comput

937

691

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Frank's Windkessel model described the hemodynamics of the arterial system in terms of resistance and compliance. It explained aortic pressure decay in diastole, but fell short in systole. Therefore characteristic impedance was introduced as a third element of the Windkessel model. Characteristic impedance links the lumped Windkessel to transmission phenomena (e.g., wave travel). Windkessels are used as hydraulic load for isolated hearts and in studies of the entire circulation. Furthermore, they are used to estimate total arterial compliance from pressure and flow; several of these methods are reviewed. Windkessels describe the general features of the input impedance, with physiologically interpretable parameters. Since it is a lumped model it is not suitable for the assessment of spatially distributed phenomena and aspects of wave travel, but it is a simple and fairly accurate approximation of ventricular afterload.

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The static elastic properties of 45 human thoracic and 20 abdominal aortas in vitro and the parameters of a new model

Cited by 505 publications

References 18 publications

Progression of large artery structural and functional alterations in Type I diabetes

Progression of large artery structural and functional alterations in Type I diabetes

Early impairment of large artery structure and function in Type I diabetes mellitus

The arterial Windkessel

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