The Status of Childhood Lead Poisoning and Prevention in Nevada, USA

Rothweiler, Anne M.; Cabb, Elena E.; Gerstenberger, Shawn

doi:10.1100/tsw.2007.95

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The primary aim of this study was to perform an oral screening of normal healthy adults in Nevada for high-risk HPV. Previous attempts at this institution and within the state to obtain blood-based samples for other types of screenings, such as lead (Pb) levels, have been largely unsuccessful due to patient apprehension and fear of blood collection [ 63 ]. To avoid these specific problems, this study utilized non-invasively collected saliva to perform this analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research at UNLV and the UNLV-SDM clinic demonstrated low participation rates for invasive, blood-based screenings [63], but higher rates of participation using non-invasive biomonitoring and screening methods, including saliva collection (unpublished data). These studies had sample sizes ranging from 16 - 200.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine an appropriate sample size, previous studies that screened for high-risk oral HPV in healthy adults were evaluated to determine the range of sample sizes, which varied greatly from 12 - 1,680 [ 47 - 62 ]. Previous research at UNLV and the UNLV-SDM clinic demonstrated low participation rates for invasive, blood-based screenings [ 63 ], but higher rates of participation using non-invasive biomonitoring and screening methods, including saliva collection (unpublished data). These studies had sample sizes ranging from 16 - 200.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) screening and detection in healthy patient saliva samples: a pilot study

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a large family of non-enveloped DNA viruses, mainly associated with cervical cancers. Recent epidemiologic evidence has suggested that HPV may be an independent risk factor for oropharyngeal cancers. Evidence now suggests HPV may modulate the malignancy process in some tobacco- and alcohol-induced oropharynx tumors, but might also be the primary oncogenic factor for inducing carcinogenesis among some non-smokers. More evidence, however, is needed regarding oral HPV prevalence among healthy adults to estimate risk. The goal of this study was to perform an HPV screening of normal healthy adults to assess oral HPV prevalence.MethodsHealthy adult patients at a US dental school were selected to participate in this pilot study. DNA was isolated from saliva samples and screened for high-risk HPV strains HPV16 and HPV18 and further processed using qPCR for quantification and to confirm analytical sensitivity and specificity.ResultsChi-square analysis revealed the patient sample was representative of the general clinic population with respect to gender, race and age (p < 0.05). Four patient samples were found to harbor HPV16 DNA, representing 2.6% of the total (n = 151). Three of the four HPV16-positive samples were from patients under 65 years of age and all four were female and Hispanic (non-White). No samples tested positive for HPV18.ConclusionsThe successful recruitment and screening of healthy adult patients revealed HPV16, but not HPV18, was present in a small subset. These results provide new information about oral HPV status, which may help to contextualize results from other studies that demonstrate oral cancer rates have risen in the US among both females and minorities and in some geographic areas that are not solely explained by rates of tobacco and alcohol use. The results of this study may be of significant value to further our understanding of oral health and disease risk, as well as to help design future studies exploring the role of other factors that influence oral HPV exposure, as well as the short- and long-term consequences of oral HPV infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) screening and detection in healthy patient saliva samples: a pilot study

et al. 2011

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“…Recent events indicate that a significant number of municipalities suffer from Pb 2+ contamination in drinking water in homes and schools throughout the United States (Hanna-Attisha et al, 2016). Childhood Pb 2+ intoxication is most likely to occur in low-income, inner city communities where there is a higher number of Pb 2+ contaminated homes and decaying infrastructure with a disproportionate burden in disadvantage African American and Hispanic communities (Cassidy-Bushrow et al, 2017;Rothweiler et al, 2007;White et al, 2016;Yeter et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Developmental Lead Exposure increases μ-Opiate Receptor Levels in the Adolescent Rat Brain

Albores-García

McGlothan

Bursac

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Opioid use and abuse has reached epidemic proportion in the United States resulting in a significant numbers of deaths due to overdose. While environmental factors are implicated in opioid addiction, less is known about the role of exposure to environmental pollutants on the brain opioid system. Human and preclinical studies have suggested an association between childhood lead (Pb 2+ ) intoxication and proclivity to substance abuse and delinquent behavior. Opioid receptors are involved in the biological effects of opioids and other drugs of abuse. In this study, we examine the effect of chronic developmental Pb 2+ exposure on µ-opioid receptor (MOR) levels in the rat brain using [ 3 H]-D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly-ol5 enkephalin ([ 3 H]-DAMGO) quantitative receptor autoradiography.Our results indicate that chronic developmental Pb 2+ exposure increases the levels of [ 3 H]-DAMGO specific binding to MOR in several limbic regions of the brain in male and female rats during the pre-adolescence (PN14) and early-adolescence (PN28) period. These changes were less pronounced in late-adolescence (PN50) and adult (PN120) animals. Our findings are important because the pre-adolescence and early adolescence period is a time in which there is higher engagement in reward and drug seeking behaviors in humans.In summary, we show that chronic exposure to Pb 2+ an ubiquitous and well-known environmental contaminant and neurotoxicant, alters MOR levels in brain regions associated with addiction circuits in the adolescent period with important implications to opioid drug use and abuse.

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“…Childhood lead poisoning is an important health disparities issue that affects children of Hispanic communities in the U.S. 6,7 In our ongoing Lead Poisoning Prevention program, 23 of our total cases (88%) are Hispanic. 8 Among the 13 children with elevated BLLs and a history of imported candy consumption, 10 (77%) are also of Hispanic descent. Despite the present ban, many of these lead-tainted candies are still sold in flea markets and brought to Nevada by merchants and families returning to the U.S. from Latin America, as we have encountered in our home investigations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%