The status of humoral immunity in occult HBV infection in south-eastern Iranian patients

Arababadi, Mohammad Kazemi; Pourfathollah, Ali Akbar; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Hassanshahi, Gholamhossein; Shamizadeh, Ali; Ahmadabadi, Behzad Nasiri; Kennedy, Derek

doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2010.12.005

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…IgG is produced sequentially after IgM and induces a vigorous and long‐term protection against viral infections 38 . In instances where IgG production is aberrant, the serum levels of IgM remain higher during chronic infection and our data 16 would appear to agree with that finding. However, we noted that the range of IgG levels in patients appeared to be, on average, significantly lower (p = 0.002) than those in healthy clearance donors 16 .…”

Section: Humoral Immunity In Obi Patientssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The association between SDF‐1α polymorphisms and its serum levels should be evaluated by researchers. Our previous data also demonstrated that the polymorphisms within the IL‐10 promoter region were related with OB (p = 0.04), 16 while the polymorphisms in IL‐4 (p > 0.1) 17 and IFN‐γ (p > 0.1) 12 were not associated with OB. These data all support a model which suggests that polymorphisms within IL‐12, IL‐10, and SDF‐1α may modify their expression in OBI patients thus reducing their ability to clear the infection.…”

Section: Cytokines and Chemokine Polymorphisms In Obi Patientsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Therefore, it seems that humoral immunity may be important for the successful eradication of the virus from hepatocytes by inducing white blood cells to respond to the infection. Our previous investigation on OBI patients demonstrated that the serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G (p = 0.002) and C4 (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in OBI patients, while IgM (p < 0.001) and C3 (p < 0.001) were higher in patients when compared to healthy clearance controls 16 . Serum levels of IgA (p = 0.312) and CH50 (p > 0.1) were not significantly different between OBI patients and controls 16 (Table 3).…”

Section: Humoral Immunity In Obi Patientsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Our previous investigation on OBI patients demonstrated that the serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G (p = 0.002) and C4 (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in OBI patients, while IgM (p < 0.001) and C3 (p < 0.001) were higher in patients when compared to healthy clearance controls 16 . Serum levels of IgA (p = 0.312) and CH50 (p > 0.1) were not significantly different between OBI patients and controls 16 (Table 3). It is reported that in response to viral infections, antibodies and other humoral factors, such as complement factors are increased 34‐36 .…”

Section: Humoral Immunity In Obi Patientsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Polymorphisms in the +1188 region of IL‐12 12 were also shown to be related with OB (p = 0.033); 16 therefore, we hypothesized that these polymorphisms interfered with normal expression of the cytokines thereby ameliorating the patient's ability to clear the HBV infection. We have shown that the polymorphisms within IL‐12 are not associated with its serum levels in the OBI patients; 16 hence, it may be concluded that alterations in IL‐12 serum levels were induced by the antagonist effects of IL‐10 and IL‐17 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Cytokines and Chemokine Polymorphisms In Obi Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current information on the immunologic status of occult hepatitis B infection

Arababadi

Ahmadabadi²,

Kennedy³

2012

Transfusion

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Hepatitis B is one of the most frequently occurring posttransfusion infections. Occult hepatitis B (OB) is a form of hepatitis B in which, despite the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum and hepatocytes of a carrier, hepatitis B surface antigen is absent. In addition to the risk of transfusion of infection, OB can lead to cirrhosis, hepatic cancer, and reactivation of the viral duplication process in the carrier. The mechanisms responsible for progression of OB are yet to be clarified; however, some investigators have suggested that genetic and immunologic variables may play a significant role in the resistance of some individuals and sensitivity of other patients. This review addresses the current information regarding immunologic status of OB-infected patients.

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Section: Humoral Immunity In Obi Patientssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Cytokines and Chemokine Polymorphisms In Obi Patientsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Humoral Immunity In Obi Patientsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Humoral Immunity In Obi Patientsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Cytokines and Chemokine Polymorphisms In Obi Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Current information on the immunologic status of occult hepatitis B infection

Arababadi

Ahmadabadi²,

Kennedy³

2012

Transfusion

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Occult hepatitis B in Iranian blood donors, an overview of the challenges: A narrative review

Ahmadi,

Sharifi,

Ghasemi

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

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BackgroundOccult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a transfusion‐transmitted infection. Although, screening the hepatitis B virus among blood donors can play an important role in increasing the health of blood products, OBI screening in blood transfusion centers is still a challenge. This review study aimed to appraise the challenges of OBI screening and its associated do's and don'ts in blood transfusion centers.MethodsIn this review study, a search was conducted on the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, Irandoc, and Magiran from January 1996 to December 2020. Also, cross‐sectional studies that determined the prevalence of OBI or anti‐HBc were included in the study. In addition, studies with incomplete data on the prevalence of OBI were excluded.ResultsThe prevalence of OBI varies among Iranian blood donors. The rates reported by blood transfusion centers of Mashhad, Ahvaz, and Tehran were 0%, and Isfahan, Shiraz, and Kerman were 0.9%, 0.08%, and 2.36%, respectively. In areas with high prevalence of hepatitis B virus, OBI screening only by anti‐HBc test led to the exemption of blood donors from donating blood. Avoiding OBI screening also effected the risk of virus transmission to blood recipients. Plasma products had a higher risk (85%) of virus transmission.ConclusionsDetermining an appropriate screening strategy based on prevalence status, the cost‐effectiveness of screening tests, and the policies of each blood transfusion center is essential.

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Biomarkers of transfusion transmitted occult hepatitis B virus infection: Where are we and what next?

Fu,

Simmonds,

Andersson

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Blood transfusion is a vital procedure, where transfusion‐transmitted infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains an important issue, especially from blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI). Occult hepatitis B virus infection is a complex entity to detect using surrogate blood biomarkers for intrahepatic viral transcriptional activity, requiring a continually refined battery of tests utilised for screening. This review aims to critically evaluate the latest advances in the current blood biomarkers to guide the identification of OBI donors and discuss novel HBV markers that could be introduced in future diagnostic practice. Challenges in detecting low HBV surface antigen levels, mutants, and complexes necessitate ultrasensitive multivalent dissociation assays, whilst HBV DNA testing requires improved sensitivity but worsens inaccessibility. Anti‐core antibody assays defer almost all potentially infectious donations but have low specificity, and titres of anti‐surface antibodies that prevent infectivity are poorly defined with suboptimal sensitivity. The challenges associated with these traditional blood HBV markers create an urgent need for alternative biomarkers that would help us better understand the OBI. Emerging viral biomarkers, such as pre‐genomic RNA and HBV core‐related antigen, immunological HBV biomarkers of T‐cell reactivity and cytokine levels, and host biomarkers of microRNA and human leucocyte antigen molecules, present potential advances to gauge intrahepatic activity more accurately. Further studies on these markers may uncover an optimal diagnostic algorithm for OBI using quantification of various novel and traditional blood HBV markers. Addressing critical knowledge gaps identified in this review would decrease the residual risk of transfusion‐transmitted HBV infection without compromising the sustainability of blood supplies.

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The status of humoral immunity in occult HBV infection in south-eastern Iranian patients

Abstract: Based on these results, it could be concluded that although OBI patients produced elevated levels of IgM there may be a problem converting and progressing this response to generate enough IgG to overcome HBV infection.

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Current information on the immunologic status of occult hepatitis B infection

Current information on the immunologic status of occult hepatitis B infection

Occult hepatitis B in Iranian blood donors, an overview of the challenges: A narrative review

Biomarkers of transfusion transmitted occult hepatitis B virus infection: Where are we and what next?

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