The status of water reuse in European textile sector

Vajnhandl, Simona; Valh, Julija Volmajer

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.03.014

Cited by 129 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although the water is the most abundant element on Earth, only a small percentage (about 0.3%) can be used by humans [1]. In 2014, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), industrial water withdrawals account for 19% of global water demand [2] and an increase up to 22% is expected for 2030 [3]. The increase in water consumption and consequently the increase of water scarcity have caused the creation of new environmental policies focused on recycling and reuse of water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of Textile Dyeing Effluents Treated with Coupled Nanofiltration and Electrochemical Processes

et al. 2016

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The reactive dye Cibacron Yellow S-3R was selected to evaluate the feasibility of combining nanofiltration membranes with electrochemical processes to treat textile wastewater. Synthetic dyeing effluents were treated by means of two nanofiltration membranes, Hydracore10 and Hydracore50. Up to 98% of dye removal was achieved. The influence of salt concentration and pH on membrane treatment was studied. The best dye removal yield was achieved at pH 3 in the presence of 60 g/L of NaCl. After the membrane filtration, the concentrate containing high dye concentration was treated by means of an electrochemical process at three different current densities: 33, 83, and 166 mA/cm2. Results showed a lineal relationship between treatment time and applied current density. Both permeates and electrochemically-decoloured effluents were reused in new dyeing processes (100% of permeate and 70% of decoloured concentrates). Dyed fabrics were evaluated with respect to original dyeing. Colour differences were found to be into the acceptance range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of Textile Dyeing Effluents Treated with Coupled Nanofiltration and Electrochemical Processes

et al. 2016

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“…Permeate reuse is an important challenge. It is estimated that the annual consumption of fresh water in the textile industry at the European level is 600 million m 3 (Vajnhandl and Valh, 2014). Regarding the denim industry, Chico et al (2013) reported that about 3000 m 3 of water is needed per trouser from fibre production stage to fabric production.…”

Section: Permeate Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable dyeing of denim using indigo dye recovered with polyvinylidene difluoride ultrafiltration membranes

Buscio

Crespi

Gutiérrez‐Bouzán

2015

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Indigo is one of the most consumed dyes in the textile sector, as it is widely used for the dyeing of denim clothes. About 15% of indigo used in the dyeing process is discharged to the wastewater treatment plants or sometimes into rivers, in countries where regulations are not strictly applied.In this work, real effluents that contained indigo dye were treated by means of 4 different ultrafiltration membranes. The feasibility to recover the concentrated dye with lab and semi-industrial pilots was also investigated. The studied membranes achieved up to 99% colour removal and 80% chemical oxygen demand (COD) decrease. Finally, the concentrates containing 20 g·L -1 of indigo dye were reused in new dyeing processes. Colour differences (DE cmc ) and rubbing and washing fastnesses were evaluated. Fabrics dyed with the recovered indigo concentrates exhibited similar characteristics than the ones obtained with the commercial dye.

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“…Due to the higher costs of acquiring freshwater and disposing of wastewater, some companies have modified their production layouts to comply with the new regulations, especially for effluent reuse. Thus, oil refineries, pulp and paper industries, car manufacturers, chemical industries and food factories have been seeking alternatives to reduce water consumption and effluent discharge (Casani et al, 2005;Vourch et al, 2008;Suárez et al, 2014;Vajnhandl and Valh, 2014). However, no studies were found in the literature about effluent reuse in the pharmaceutical industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical feasibility of reuse of effluent generated from reverse osmosis system in a pharmaceutical plant

2017

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Reuse reduces the consumption of freshwater supplies and the negative environmental impact caused by the discharge of industrial effluents. Some industries have already adopted this practice; however, no studies were found in the literature regarding this subject in the pharmaceutical industry. This work investigated the potential reuse of effluent (concentrate) generated from the Reverse Osmosis/Electro-deionization System (RO/EDI) that is used for the production of purified water in a Brazilian pharmaceutical plant. This industrial complex consumed about 200,000 m 3 of water per year between 2012 and 2013 to produce one million of doses of vaccines, i.e., 2 L of water per dose of vaccine produced. During this period, the RO/EDI produced 27,000 m 3 of purified water annually and generated 24,000 m 3 of effluent (concentrate). This amount of effluent could be used to supply the production of industry steam (boilers) and/or cold water (cooling towers) that annually consumed an average of 12,000 m 3 and 40,000 m 3 , respectively. The reuse of this effluent would result in a gross financial savings of 96,000 USD per year, excluding the costs of installation and control. From what has been researched in the literature, this work showed for the first time the possibility of reuse of effluent from RO/EDI System in the pharmaceutical industry.Keywords: effluent reuse; pharmaceutical industry; vaccine production.Viabilidade técnica de reúso de efluente gerado do sistema de osmose reversa em uma indústria farmacêutica RESUMO O reúso é uma alternativa para ajudar na redução do consumo de água e no impacto ambiental negativo causado pela descarga de efluentes industriais. Algumas indústrias já têm adotado esta prática em seus processos; no entanto, não foram encontrados na literatura estudos sobre esta temática para a indústria farmacêutica. Este trabalho investigou o potencial de reutilização do efluente (concentrado) gerado pelo Sistema de Osmose Reversa/Eletrodeionização (OR/EDI), que é usado na produção de água purificada em uma unidade farmacêutica brasileira. Este complexo industrial consumiu, entre 2012 e 2013, cerca de 200.000 m 3 de água por ano para produzir um milhão de doses de vacinas, ou seja, cerca de 2 litros de água consumida por dose de vacina produzida. Durante este período, o sistema OR/EDI produziu anualmente 27.000 m 3 de água purificada e gerou 24.000 m 3 de efluente (concentrado) por ano. Esta quantidade de efluente poderia ser usada para suprir a produção de vapor (caldeiras) e/ou água gelada (torres de refrigeração) que consumiram anualmente uma média de 12.000 m 3 e 40.000 m 3 de água potável, respectivamente. A reutilização deste efluente resultaria em uma economia bruta de R$ 384.000,00 por ano, excluindo os custos de implantação e controle. Pelo que se pesquisou na literatura, este trabalho mostrou pela primeira vez a possibilidade de reúso de efluente de um sistema OR/EDI em uma indústria farmacêutica.Palavras-chave: indústria farmacêutica; produção de vacinas; reúso de efluente indus...

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The status of water reuse in European textile sector

Cited by 129 publications

References 10 publications

Reuse of Textile Dyeing Effluents Treated with Coupled Nanofiltration and Electrochemical Processes

Reuse of Textile Dyeing Effluents Treated with Coupled Nanofiltration and Electrochemical Processes

Sustainable dyeing of denim using indigo dye recovered with polyvinylidene difluoride ultrafiltration membranes

Technical feasibility of reuse of effluent generated from reverse osmosis system in a pharmaceutical plant

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