The stimulation of an osteogenic response by classical monocyte activation

The role of well-defined nanotopography of titanium implants on osseointegration: cellular and molecular events in vivo

“…The observation of higher recruitment of macrophages and a stronger inflammatory response at Ma surfaces corroborates earlier findings showing higher secretion and expression of TNF-α, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) at Ma implants in comparison with oxidized surfaces, having a combined micron scale and nanoscale topography. 12,14,28 Since a reduction of TNF-α and IL-1β has been demonstrated in association with oxidized surfaces, it is possible that the major reason for the attenuated inflammatory response with such surfaces was due to the nanocomponent. In fact, micron-scale topographies trigger the activation of macrophages in vitro, 29 whereas the role of nanocues on macrophage activation has been less explored in vivo.…”

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Immunophenotyping in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva Patients: Evidence for Monocyte DNAM1 Up‐regulation

“…So far, advances in the osteo-immunological field have unravelled the strong link between osteogenesis and immune system. Inflammation, through macrophage activation, can control stem cell fate and coordinate tissue repair (21), on the other hand, monocytes/macrophages have been shown to play a fundamental role in many different ossification processes (22)(23)(24). Here, we describe for the first time a characterization of six FOP patients with agematched controls obtained by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) immunophenotyping.…”

The roles of immune cells in bone healing; what we know, do not know and future perspectives

“…Additionally, macrophages existing in the fractured bone are a source of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and Oncostatin M that enhance the proliferation and osteogenic function of MSCs [49,50]. Furthermore, activated monocytes induce the expression level of Cbfa1/Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by MSCs and hence drive the bone formation [51].I n contrast, a conditioned media from CD4 T-lymphocytes and not CD8 has been shown to increase the osteogenesis markers of MSCs [52]. Furthermore, innate lymphocytes cells (ILCs) that produce tissue reparative cytokines such as interleukin-22 (IL-22) [53][54][55] also seem to induce the osteogenic activity of MSCs.…”