The Stockholm congestion charges—5 years on. Effects, acceptability and lessons learnt

Börjesson, Maria; Eliasson, Jonas; Hugosson, Muriel Beser; Brundell-Freij, Karin

doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.11.001

Cited by 244 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As public support can be an important element in the actual implementation of road pricing (e.g., Smirti et al, 2007;Vonk Noordegraaf et al, 2014), participants of this project and also other inhabitants of Belgium need to be convinced of the benefits of road pricing. However, Börjesson et al (2012) indicate that public resistance before the implementation can be changed into a (small) majority being in favour of the charges after the implementation.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…decreased by 15%. These traffic reductions resulted in substantial decreases in congestion and travel time (variability) (Börjesson et al, 2012;Eliasson, 2008). To the best of our knowledge, favourable outcomes (i.e., reductions in kilometres travelled by car and improved travel times) from other types of road pricing (e.g., charge per kilometre travelled) are not available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, toll roads, toll tunnels and toll bridges are abundantly present around the world, while in a number of cities (London, Singapore and Stockholm, to name a few) a cordon toll for entering the city centre has been implemented (Börjesson et al, 2012;Goh, 2002;Leape, 2006;Santos, 2005). Road pricing can also take the form of 'value pricing' in which travellers can choose between a free but congested roadway and a priced roadway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Road pricing in a polycentric urban region: Analysing a pilot project in Belgium

Vos

2016

Transport Policy

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In order to cope with growing car use and congestion, academics often suggest road pricing as a way to reduce car use and internalise external costs (such as congestion and air pollution). However, implementations of road pricing schemes are rather limited and mainly focus on large cities (i.e., cordon charges). Recently, the three regional governments of Belgium − a highly urbanised and polycentric country -have commissioned a pilot project of an area-wide, time-and locationdifferentiated road pricing scheme, hence differentiating charges according to the time of the day and the type of road used. Results of this project indicate that kilometres travelled by car mainly reduce in urban areas, while car use on motorways only reduces to a limited degree. Furthermore, results indicate that urban residents adapt their travel behaviour more than suburban and rural residents, probably because urban dwellers have more alternatives to travel than driving personal cars only, especially on the short run. In this paper, we will analyse the preliminary outcomes of the conducted pilot project, look into the limitations of this project and suggest an alternative road pricing scheme.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Road pricing in a polycentric urban region: Analysing a pilot project in Belgium

Vos

2016

Transport Policy

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“…By the end of 2008, this share had increased to 14% (Börjesson et al, 2012). The incentive policy of exempting alternatively fuelled EEVs from the congestion tax, the main subject of this paper, was so successful that policy makers became concerned that the congestion reduction effectiveness of the greater pricing scheme was being weakened.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…After the trial, there was a 12-month period in which neither policy was active. During this period, a public referendum was held in order to gauge support for the policy with 52.5% of the population voting against the scheme (Börjesson et al, 2012). The 2006 general election also lead to a change in government from the center-left party to a center-right coalition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of a congestion pricing exemption on the demand for new energy efficient vehicles in Stockholm

Whitehead

Franklin

Washington

2014

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

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As governments seek to transition to more efficient vehicle fleets, one strategy has been to incentivize 'green' vehicle choice by exempting some of these vehicles from road user charges. As an example, to stimulate sales of Energy-Efficient Vehicles (EEVs) in Sweden, some of these automobiles were exempted from Stockholm's congestion tax. In this paper the effect this policy had on the demand for new, privately-owned, exempt EEVs is assessed by first estimating a model of vehicle choice and then by applying this model to simulate vehicle alternative market shares under different policy scenarios. The database used to calibrate the model includes owner-specific demographics merged with vehicle registry data for all new private vehicles registered in Stockholm County during 2008. Characteristics of individuals with a higher propensity to purchase an exempt EEV were identified. The most significant factors included intra-cordon residency (positive), distance from home to the CBD (negative), and commuting across the cordon (positive). By calculating vehicle shares from the vehicle choice model and then comparing these estimates to a simulated scenario where the congestion tax exemption was inactive, the exemption was estimated to have substantially increased the share of newly purchased, private, exempt EEVs in Stockholm by 1.8% (+/-0.3%; 95% C.I.) to a total share of 18.8%. This amounts to an estimated 10.7% increase in private, exempt EEV purchases during 2008 i.e. 519 privately owned, exempt EEVs.

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Electrification of Vehicles: Policy Drivers and Impacts in Two Scenarios

Albrecht

Nilsson

Åkerman

2013

Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles in Open Electricity Markets

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The Stockholm congestion charges—5 years on. Effects, acceptability and lessons learnt

Cited by 244 publications

References 23 publications

Road pricing in a polycentric urban region: Analysing a pilot project in Belgium

Road pricing in a polycentric urban region: Analysing a pilot project in Belgium

The impact of a congestion pricing exemption on the demand for new energy efficient vehicles in Stockholm

Electrification of Vehicles: Policy Drivers and Impacts in Two Scenarios

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