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Even with the urgent need for public universities to transform into entrepreneurial universities in Botswana, very little is known especially in developing countries such as Botswana on what it takes to transform. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the critical success factors for the creation of entrepreneurial universities in Botswana. Our core research question asks: What are the critical success factors for the transformation of public universities into entrepreneurial universities? The study used a descriptive literature review methodology to collect secondary data. A data set of 150 articles were reviewed which dated from 1987 to 2024. Data sources identified were books, academic journals, academic papers, technical reports, theses, articles, and working papers from reputable academic databases such as Scopus, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ProQuest, Research Gate, Scientific Research Publishing and Wiley. The study revealed four main success factors in creating entrepreneurial universities - strategic, internal, environmental and external. The study underscored the need for resources, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial leadership and entrepreneurial culture in the creation of an entrepreneurial university. Moreover, flexible governance structure, enterprise support policies, role model and reward system, entrepreneurial architecture and collaborations with stakeholders were also highlighted as crucial for a successful transformation of public universities into entrepreneurial universities. The study further revealed that the transformation requires external support mechanisms from government, industry, and regional interventions. Consequently, creating an entrepreneurial university requires a collective effort between the university itself, government, industry and regional interventions. The implication is that public universities should forge partnerships and synergies with external stakeholders to transform into entrepreneurial universities. In light of the above, the study recommends the adoption of a quadruple helix model in creating entrepreneurial universities. Future research is recommended to fully evaluate the efficacy of the quadruple helix model in the development of an entrepreneurial university. The study contributes to the body of knowledge and global debates surrounding the creation of entrepreneurial universities.
Even with the urgent need for public universities to transform into entrepreneurial universities in Botswana, very little is known especially in developing countries such as Botswana on what it takes to transform. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the critical success factors for the creation of entrepreneurial universities in Botswana. Our core research question asks: What are the critical success factors for the transformation of public universities into entrepreneurial universities? The study used a descriptive literature review methodology to collect secondary data. A data set of 150 articles were reviewed which dated from 1987 to 2024. Data sources identified were books, academic journals, academic papers, technical reports, theses, articles, and working papers from reputable academic databases such as Scopus, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ProQuest, Research Gate, Scientific Research Publishing and Wiley. The study revealed four main success factors in creating entrepreneurial universities - strategic, internal, environmental and external. The study underscored the need for resources, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial leadership and entrepreneurial culture in the creation of an entrepreneurial university. Moreover, flexible governance structure, enterprise support policies, role model and reward system, entrepreneurial architecture and collaborations with stakeholders were also highlighted as crucial for a successful transformation of public universities into entrepreneurial universities. The study further revealed that the transformation requires external support mechanisms from government, industry, and regional interventions. Consequently, creating an entrepreneurial university requires a collective effort between the university itself, government, industry and regional interventions. The implication is that public universities should forge partnerships and synergies with external stakeholders to transform into entrepreneurial universities. In light of the above, the study recommends the adoption of a quadruple helix model in creating entrepreneurial universities. Future research is recommended to fully evaluate the efficacy of the quadruple helix model in the development of an entrepreneurial university. The study contributes to the body of knowledge and global debates surrounding the creation of entrepreneurial universities.
The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the economic instruments for the implementation of strategic management in universities. Methodology. This study combines economic and managerial analysis of higher educational management. In this study, a set of general scientific and special research methods was used to achieve the goal of the study. The method of logical analysis of the literature was used. The functional, structural and economic analysis was used with purpose to research the main economic tools of realization strategic management in universities. Comparative analysis and synthesis methods were used to study different types of economic and strategic instruments. Using the method of generalization, conclusions and recommendations were made to improve the mechanism of strategic management used in the educational sphere. As the information base for the study the works of scholars in the field of strategic and educational management were used. Findings. The article analyzes the process of strategic management based on the concept of balanced scorecard in the university. The authors used an adaptive mechanism to develop and implement a strategy in the management system of the university. A set of indicators assessing the process of implementing strategic management was proposed. Management influence indicators, primary control factors, development indicators and financial outlook were analyzed. The management system of the university on the basis of strategic management was described, in which the correspondence between the economic indicators of the university and its organizational structure is presented. Challenges to the further implementation of strategic management in developing countries are considered. Practical implications. The results of this study form the methodological and practical basis for improving management processes in developing countries. The results of the study can become the basis for the formation of effective educational management, ensuring the continuous development of universities.
The aim of the study is to reveal the general approach and principles to the development of a program for the pedagogical university development, representing a project-organized methodology and technologies for organizational and managerial support of the process of the arrangement of all participants’ content-activity positions in the innovation process associated with improving the system of continuous advanced pedagogical education in accordance with the strategic guidelines for the country development, modern directions of scientific and technological development and taking into account the current research agenda in the field of education. The article presents the methodology and technology for creating the project-organized program for the pedagogical university development as a program of an initiative-problem type. The scientific novelty of the research results is determined by the fact that the notion of “project-organized development program” is introduced into the general theory of management, organizational and managerial methodology of higher education; the essence is revealed and the idea of the notion of “development management” is expanded in relation to the system of higher and additional professional education; the indicators of the organizational effect are also specified in the context of the requirements for continuous teacher education, outlined in the Concept of teacher training for the period up to 2030. As a result, a process technology has been developed for step-by-step programming of socio-cultural and educational changes in the system of continuous advanced education, which is the basis for the scientific and educational activity of the Department of Andragogy and Development Management of the Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after Kozma Minin.
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