The strength and stiffness of oriented wood and cellulose-fibre materials: A review

Jakob, Matthias; Mahendran, Arunjunai Raj; Gindl‐Altmutter, Wolfgang; Bliem, Peter; Konnerth, Johannes; Müller, Ulrich; Veigel, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100916

Cited by 130 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 234 publications

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“…The main chemical components of plant-based cellulosic fibers are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, and waxes. The quality and mechanical properties of the fibers vary depending on the plant species, maturity, and growth conditions as well as the fiber extraction and refining procedures used [ 20 , 21 ]. The inconsistent quality of the natural fibers and the presence of hemicelluloses, lignin, and other “impurities” (i.e., non-cellulosic materials) can negatively affect the preparation process and properties of ACC materials [ 11 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Cellulose Composite Laminates Made from Wood-Based Textiles: Effects of Process Conditions and the Addition of TEMPO-Oxidized Nanocellulose

et al. 2022

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All-cellulose composites (ACCs) are manufactured using only cellulose as a raw material. Biobased materials are more sustainable alternatives to the petroleum-based composites that are used in many technical and life-science applications. In this study, an aquatic NaOH-urea solvent system was used to produce sustainable ACCs from wood-based woven textiles with and without the addition of TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose (at 1 wt.-%). This study investigated the effects of dissolution time, temperature during hot press, and the addition of TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. The results showed a significant change in the tensile properties of the layered textile composite at dissolution times of 30 s and 1 min, while ACC elongation was the highest after 2 and 5 min. Changes in hot press temperature from 70 °C to 150 °C had a significant effect: with an increase in hot press temperature, the tensile strength increased and the elongation at break decreased. Incorporating TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose into the interface of textile layers before partial dissolution improved tensile strength and, even more markedly, the elongation at break. According to thermal analyses, textile-based ACCs have a higher storage modulus (0.6 GPa) and thermal stabilization than ACCs with nanocellulose additives. This study highlights the important roles of process conditions and raw material characteristics on the structure and properties of ACCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Cellulose Composite Laminates Made from Wood-Based Textiles: Effects of Process Conditions and the Addition of TEMPO-Oxidized Nanocellulose

et al. 2022

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“…This improvement could partially contribute to the strong and stiffness from the continuous and oriented cellulose fibers. [89,90] Similar procedure was applied to the flax fibers and the reparation of composites. [91][92][93] Compared to casting-drying, the fabrication efficiency is obviously improved, and bulk structural materials are fabricate.…”

Section: Cold-hot Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress, Challenge, and Perspective of Fabricating Cellulose

Qiao

Wang

et al. 2022

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Cellulose as the most abundant biopolymers on Earth, presents appealing performance in mechanical properties, thermal management, and versatile functionalization. Developing fabrication methods to design functional materials and open new application areas. However, cellulose is hard to be dissolved or melt due to its recalcitrant property. Herein, the recent progress of fabricating cellulose is summarized. First, the unique hierarchical structure of cellulose is fully investigated and the resulted processability is analysed in directions of down to nanocellulose, dissolution, and thermoplastic processing. Then, the reported fabrication methods are summarized in three aspects: (1) self‐assembly from nano/micro cellulose suspensions, especially the formation of cellulose nanocrystals; (2) dissolution–regeneration–drying, covering spinning and solvent infusion processing; and (3) thermoplastic processing, focusing on the setup and the morphology changes of the prepared products. In each aspect, the flowchart of the fabrication method, the mechanism, fabricated products, and effects of processing parameters are explored. Finally, this review provides a perspective on the further direction of fabricating cellulose, especially the challenges toward mass production.

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“…It difficult to determine single representative values for these materials, since they widely depend on their source material, crystallinity degree and water content. 76,77 For instance, experimental tensile strength in cellulosic materials may vary as much as from 300 MPa to 1 GPa. 76 As seen for the elastic constant values, experimental tensile stresses of amorphous chitin are consistently lower, with values of 270-320 MPa.…”

Section: Of Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…76,77 For instance, experimental tensile strength in cellulosic materials may vary as much as from 300 MPa to 1 GPa. 76 As seen for the elastic constant values, experimental tensile stresses of amorphous chitin are consistently lower, with values of 270-320 MPa. 72 The simulated values obtained for cellulose (σyield = 391.6 MPa, σultimate = 540.9 MPa), and chitin (σyield = 294.2 MPa, σultimate = 451.6 MPa) (cf.…”

Section: Of Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular-scale exploration of mechanical properties and interactions of poly(lactic acid) with cellulose and chitin

Mileo

Krauter

Sanders

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), one of the pillars of the current overarching displacement trend switching from oil- to natural-based polymers is often associated with polysaccharides, to benefit from their increased mechanical properties. This association is, however, greatly hampered by the poor PLA/polysaccharide miscibility, whose underlying nature is still vastly unexplored. This work aims at shedding light into the PLA-polysaccharide interactions and reveal structure-property relationships from a fundamental perspective using atomistic molecular dynamics with amorphous cellulose and chitin as representative polysaccharide molecules. Our computational strategy was able to reproduce targeted mechanical properties of pure and/or composite materials, reveal a lesser degree of immiscibility in PLA/chitin compared to PLA/cellulose associations, assert PLA-oriented polysaccharide reorientations and explore how less effective PLA-polysaccharide hydrogen bonds are related to the poor PLA/polysaccharide miscibility.

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The strength and stiffness of oriented wood and cellulose-fibre materials: A review

Cited by 130 publications

References 234 publications

All-Cellulose Composite Laminates Made from Wood-Based Textiles: Effects of Process Conditions and the Addition of TEMPO-Oxidized Nanocellulose

All-Cellulose Composite Laminates Made from Wood-Based Textiles: Effects of Process Conditions and the Addition of TEMPO-Oxidized Nanocellulose

Progress, Challenge, and Perspective of Fabricating Cellulose

Molecular-scale exploration of mechanical properties and interactions of poly(lactic acid) with cellulose and chitin

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