The Strength of the Hydrohalic Acids

Schmid, Roland; Miah, Arzu M.

doi:10.1021/ed078p116

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Hydrohalic acids are considered strong acids, while HCl is defined as a strong acid and both HBr and HI are defined as very strong acids. This is according to few factors including the free energy of bond breaking and hydration. , Accordingly, one would expect that HI and HBr will have a stronger shortening effect relative to HCl. This forecast does not necessarily fit the observations because the use of different concentrations of the acids and examining the shortening effect of each acid separately.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Length and Optical Properties of CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) Nanowires with a Few Unit Cells

et al. 2017

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Perovskite nanostructures, both hybrid organo-metal and fully inorganic perovskites, have gained a lot of interest in the past few years for their intriguing optical properties in the visible region. We report on inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr) nanowires (NWs) having quantum confined dimensions corresponding to 5 unit cells. The addition of various hydrohalic acids (HX, X = Cl, Br, I) was found to highly affect the NW length, composition, and optical properties. Hydrochloric (HCl) and hydroiodic (HI) acids mixed in the reaction solution influence the crystal structure and optical properties and shorten the NWs, while the hydrobromic acid (HBr) addition results solely in shorter NWs, without any structural change. The addition of HX increases the acidity of the reaction solution, resulting in protonation of the oleylamine ligands from oleylamine into oleyl-ammonium cations that behave similarly to Cs during crystallization. Therefore, the positions of the Cs at the growing surface of the NWs are taken by the oleyl-ammonium cations, thus blocking further growth in the favored direction. The emission of the NWs is tunable between ∼423-505 nm and possesses a potential in the optoelectronic field. Moreover, electrical conductivity measurements of the NWs are discussed to give a new point of view regarding the conductivity of perovskite nanostructures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Length and Optical Properties of CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) Nanowires with a Few Unit Cells

et al. 2017

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“…12,13 Details of energy minimization using 3D-RISM, MD simulation setup, and NLPB calculations are give in the Supporting Information. [7][8][9][10] Molecular Mechanics Force Fields.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Site-Binding Modes of Ions and Water to Nucleic Acids Using Molecular Solvation Theory

2019

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Site binding of ions and water shapes nucleic acids folding, dynamics, and biological function, complementing the more diffuse, nonspecific "territorial" ion binding. Unlike territorial binding, prediction of site-specific binding to nucleic acids remains an unsolved challenge in computational biophysics. This work presents a new toolset based on the 3D-RISM molecular solvation theory and topological analysis that predicts cation and water site binding to nucleic acids. 3D-RISM is shown to accurately capture alkali cations and water binding to the central channel, transversal loops, and grooves of the Oxytricha nova's telomeres' G-quadruplex (Oxy-GQ), in agreement with high-resolution crystallographic data. To improve the computed cation occupancy along the Oxy-GQ central channel, it was necessary to refine and validate new cation−oxygen parameters using structural and thermodynamic data available for crown ethers and ion channels. This single set of parameters that describes both localized and delocalized binding to various biological systems is used to gain insight into cation occupancy along the Oxy-GQ channel under various salt conditions. The paper concludes with prospects for extending the method to predict divalent cation binding to nucleic acids. This work advances the forefront of theoretical methods able to provide predictive insight into ion atmosphere effects on nucleic acids function.

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“…HCl, for example, has been reported to have a pK a ranging from -3 to -7, HBr from -4 to -9, and HNO 3 from -1 to -2. [20][21][22][23][24] The addition of ethanol and silane to the sol will also increase the pK a , 20,24 thus making it difficult to compare actual numbers. For HNO 3 , the pK a in ethanol is estimated to be ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposited Silicate Films: Importance of Supporting Electrolyte

et al. 2008

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Silica and hybrid organic-inorganic films, ca. 100-200 nm thick, can be grown on glassy carbon electrodes through reactions initiated by electrogenerated hydroxide or hydronium ions in water under reductive and oxidative conditions, respectively. A variety of different alkoxysilanes (tetramethoxysilane and organoalkoxysilanes) and supporting electrolytes were used to evaluate whether film formation takes place on glassy carbon electrodes. The results of the study indicate that the acid-base properties of the supporting electrolyte are an important factor in determining whether film formation will take place. For cathodic electrodeposition, thin films can be formed using supporting electrolytes that are close to neutral, such as KCl, KNO3, and NaClO4. For anodic electrodeposition, thin films can be formed using supporting electrolytes that are acidic, such as, KH2PO4, HNO3, H2SO4, etc. The acidity/basicity effects of the electrolytes arise in part from the strong dependence of the hydrolysis and condensation rates of the silicon alkoxide precursors on pH.

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The Strength of the Hydrohalic Acids

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Tunable Length and Optical Properties of CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) Nanowires with a Few Unit Cells

Tunable Length and Optical Properties of CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) Nanowires with a Few Unit Cells

Predicting Site-Binding Modes of Ions and Water to Nucleic Acids Using Molecular Solvation Theory

Electrodeposited Silicate Films: Importance of Supporting Electrolyte

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The Strength of the Hydrohalic Acids

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Tunable Length and Optical Properties of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) Nanowires with a Few Unit Cells

Tunable Length and Optical Properties of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) Nanowires with a Few Unit Cells

Predicting Site-Binding Modes of Ions and Water to Nucleic Acids Using Molecular Solvation Theory

Electrodeposited Silicate Films: Importance of Supporting Electrolyte

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Product

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Tunable Length and Optical Properties of CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) Nanowires with a Few Unit Cells

Tunable Length and Optical Properties of CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) Nanowires with a Few Unit Cells