The stress-corrosion-cracking model for high-level radioactive-waste packages

Characterization of surface composition on Alloy 22 in neutral chloride solutions

“…These alloys are widely used in a range of industrial applications, [1] and Alloy 22 was recently considered as the corrosion barrier on packages for the permanent disposal of nuclear wastes. [2] This last potential application stimulated many studies on this alloy and, to a lesser degree, other Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, on processes such as intergranular corrosion, [3,4] localized corrosion with an emphasis on crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, [26][27][28][29] and general passive corrosion. [9,[30][31][32][33][34][35] Alloy 22 develops a very stable passive film [27,[36][37][38][39] whose electrical properties have been characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).…”

“…These alloys are widely used in a range of industrial applications, and Alloy 22 was recently considered as the corrosion barrier on packages for the permanent disposal of nuclear wastes . This last potential application stimulated many studies on this alloy and, to a lesser degree, other Ni‐Cr‐Mo alloys, on processes such as intergranular corrosion, localized corrosion with an emphasis on crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and general passive corrosion …”

Review of the Modelling of Corrosion Processes and Lifetime Prediction for HLW/SF Containers—Part 1: Process Models

“…Wherever possible, the question and the associated answer should be quantitative in nature, although it may be necessary to rely on qualitative responses where there is a lack of information or a high degree of variability and/or uncertainty. Of the two models that have been proposed for the prediction of the crack growth rate, the most comprehensive is that of Andresen et al [158] for the SCC of Alloy 22 for the proposed Yucca Mountain repository. While extremely corrosion resistant, the SCC of Alloy 22 has been observed during slow strain-rate testing in concentrated brine solutions While most of the evidence underlying the decision tree is empirical, use is made of two modified versions of the copper corrosion model (CCM) to provide a mechanistic basis for the argument.…”

The Influence of Potential and Temperature on the Kinetics of Oxygen Reduction on Alloy 22 in Neutral Chloride Solutions.

“…However, seepage water contacting the waste package could evaporatively concentrate to produce a concentrated, corrosive environment (5)(6)(7)(8) potentially leading to crevice corrosion over the required long-term containment period. With this application in mind, intergranular corrosion (9,10), localized corrosion (5,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), stress corrosion cracking (17)(18)(19)(20), and general passive corrosion studies have been undertaken (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). In addition, surface analytical studies have been performed, including X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF SIMS) (24,29), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) (28,30), and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) (28).…”

“…In addition, surface analytical studies have been performed, including X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF SIMS) (24,29), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) (28,30), and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) (28). Attempts have also been made to model various aspects of corrosion in the repository (13,17,31,32). Persuasive arguments can be made that Alloy 22 will not sustain significant corrosion damage under Yucca Mountain conditions (5,(33)(34)(35), but experimental evidence is meagre.…”