The strike of the tiger salamander: quantitative electromyography and muscle function during prey capture

Reilly, Steve; Lauder, George V.

doi:10.1007/bf00189771

Cited by 16 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…In contrast, modulation of both the lower jaw opener and several closer muscles is used to scale the amplitude of jaw opening. The coactivation of agonist and antagonist (depressor and adductor)jaw muscles, which serves to control jaw opening trajectory in Grasping, has also been reported during feeding in salamanders (Reilly and Lauder 1990). Ghez and Gordon (1987) found that isometric force trajectories may be controlled by modulating the contraction of the agonist muscle when force rise times are relatively long.…”

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Jaw muscle (EMG) activity and amplitude scaling of jaw movements during eating in pigeon (Columba livia)

Bout

Zeigler

1994

J Comp Physiol A

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During each phase of the pigeon's eating sequence, jaw opening amplitude (gape) is adjusted to the size of the food object; first prior to contact (Grasping), again in positioning the food (Stationing), and finally, during its movement through the oral cavity (Intraoral Transport). Part I of this study examined jaw movement kinematics during ingestion of different size food pellets to determine the relative contribution of velocity and rise time variables. Part II specified the muscle activity patterns mediating each phase of the eating sequence, and determined how these patterns are modulated to produce adjustments of gape size.The relative contribution of velocity and rise time variables to the control of gape differs in each phase of the eating sequence. However, for any pellet size, variations in opening rise time may function in a compensatory manner to minimize gape "undershooting". Each phase of the eating sequence is mediated by a characteristic muscle activity pattern. The adjustment of gape size to pellet size involves systematic modulation of this pattern, and the parameters modulated differ in the different phases in a manner which may reflect the functional requirements of each phase.

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confidence: 99%

Jaw muscle (EMG) activity and amplitude scaling of jaw movements during eating in pigeon (Columba livia)

Bout

Zeigler

1994

J Comp Physiol A

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Prey transport in the tiger salamander: Quantitative electromyography and muscle function in tetrapods

Reilly

Lauder

1991

J. Exp. Zool.

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A quantitative analysis of the muscle activity patterns (motor patterns) used by tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) during terrestrial feeding is presented to provide comparative data on motor output during prey transport in amphibians, compare prey transport motor patterns to those used during initial prey capture, and test the generality of previously proposed models of the feeding cycle in tetrapods. Simultaneous electromyographic and kinematic recordings during prey transport reveal four phases in the prey transport cycle. The Preparatory phase precedes prey transport with activity found mainly in muscles of the buccal floor (genioglossus, geniohyoideus, interhyoideus, and inter‐mandibularis), but with all muscles silent at the end of this phase. Prey transport occurs during the Fast Opening and Closing phases. The Fast Opening phase begins with near simultaneous onset of activity in all jaw and hyoid muscles, including anatomical antagonists such as the depressor mandibulae and adductor mandibulae. The subarcualis rectus one muscle is active during the Fast Opening and Closing phases of transport despite the lack of accompanying tongue projection and may function to stabilize the hyobranchial apparatus. The motor pattern of terrestrial prey transport differs considerably from that of initial prey capture, but appears to be similar to the motor pattern used during aquatic prey capture and hydraulic prey transport. We hypothesize that post‐metamorphic tiger salamanders accomplish terrestrial prey transport by retaining the larval motor pattern employed during suction feeding. The motor pattern and kinematics of prey transport in Ambystoma tigrinum differ in nearly all aspects from previous models of the generalized tetrapod feeding cycle.

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Modulation of prey‐capture behavior in Plethodon cinereus (Green) (Amphibia: Caudata)

Maglia

Pyles

1995

J. Exp. Zool.

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Many feeding kinematic studies do not identify sources of mechanical variation related to the type or size of prey. Studies of salamanders have concentrated on determining the morphological basis of feeding mechanics or on phylogenetic comparisons; few have examined variability within a species. A series of feeding trials was designed to test whether PZethodon cinereus of different agelsize classes exhibits stereotypic patterns in capturing prey of differing type and size. Stopframe video analyses of feedings were made using 19 salamanders of varying body size and four prey types chosen to resemble items in the natural diet of the species. Five morphological features of each salamander, length and width of prey items, and 15 kinematic variables were used to describe each feeding trial.Statistical analyses of kinematic and morphological variables show that the feeding behavior of this species varies significantly with prey type. Effects of salamander size and prey size within prey types were a source of variation in some kinematic variables; among-individual variation partitioned with salamander body size. Different feeding modes resulted from distinctive combinations of distances from prey, amount of tongue protrusion, body movements, and duration of mouth closure, which varied with the use of jaw prehension and lingual prey capture. Presence of a repertoire of behaviors, composed of versatile combinations of movements, suggests that Plethodon cinereus modulates feeding mechanics to capture different types of prey. Consideration of natural prey in experiments, and of prey type in comparisons made across taxa, are necessary to investigations of the evolution of feeding behaviors.

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The strike of the tiger salamander: quantitative electromyography and muscle function during prey capture

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Jaw muscle (EMG) activity and amplitude scaling of jaw movements during eating in pigeon (Columba livia)

Jaw muscle (EMG) activity and amplitude scaling of jaw movements during eating in pigeon (Columba livia)

Prey transport in the tiger salamander: Quantitative electromyography and muscle function in tetrapods

Modulation of prey‐capture behavior in Plethodon cinereus (Green) (Amphibia: Caudata)

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