The Strong-Jet/Weak-Jet Problem and Aerodynamic Modeling of the CGRI Burner

Grandmaison, E. W.; Yimer, Ibrahim; Becker, H. A.; Sobiesiak, Andrzej

doi:10.1016/s0010-2180(97)00314-3

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Consequently, it can be stated that the design parameters control mixing process in the burner, which involves changes of flow pattern behind the lance, fuel jets-air stream interaction and primary fuel jet-secondary fuel jet interactions. These phenomena may have significant impact on NOx emissions and flame stability [13,14].…”

Section: Ppbb Burnermentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Central Composite Design for the Study of NOx Emission Performance of a Low NOx Burner

2015

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Abstract:In this study, the influence of various factors on nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions of a low NOx burner is investigated using a central composite design (CCD) approach to an experimental matrix in order to show the applicability of design of experiments methodology to the combustion field. Four factors have been analyzed in terms of their impact on NOx formation: hydrogen fraction in the fuel (0%-15% mass fraction in hydrogen-enriched methane), amount of excess air (5%-30%), burner head position (20-25 mm from the burner throat) and secondary fuel fraction provided to the burner (0%-6%). The measurements were performed at a constant thermal load equal to 25 kW (calculated based on lower heating value). Response surface methodology and CCD were used to develop a second-degree polynomial regression model of the burner NOx emissions. The significance of the tested factors over their respective ranges has been evaluated using the analysis of variance and by the consideration of the coefficients of the model equation. Results show that hydrogen addition to methane leads to increased NOx emissions in comparison to emissions from pure methane combustion. Hydrogen content in a fuel is the strongest factor affecting NOx emissions among all the factors tested. Lower NOx formation because of increased excess air was observed when the burner was fuelled by pure methane, but this effect diminished for hydrogen-rich fuel mixtures. NOx emissions were slightly reduced when the burner head was shifted closer to the burner outer tube, whereas a OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 3607 secondary fuel stream provided to the burner was found to have no impact on NOx emissions over the investigated range of factors.

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Section: Ppbb Burnermentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Central Composite Design for the Study of NOx Emission Performance of a Low NOx Burner

2015

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“…R. R is the jet radius according to the spread rate (K r =0.085). 4 It is shown in appendix 2 that dM n /dx for the cases R ( y s can be written as…”

Section: Equation Of Centerline Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These clusters can be divergent, convergent or parallel. 4 Design of these injectors requires the knowledge of the physical mechanism of attachment of the twin jets. In most industrial applications of multiple jets, circular nozzles are used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phenomenological model of two circular turbulent jets

Faghani

Rogak

2012

International Journal of Engine Research

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A semi-analytical model for the interaction of twin circular jets is developed, requiring the solution of a second-order differential equation for the momentum balance. This model ('Bending Model') can predict the trajectory and the attachment of two jets. Using Reichardt's hypothesis, the three-dimensional velocity field of dual-hole circular jets can be predicted. The model is used to predict the interaction of converging, diverging, parallel and non-equal jets. The results show encouraging agreement with k-e numerical simulations and experimental results from the literature. The position of the maximum velocity is predicted to within 5%, and the model can predict the velocity field as well as the k-e model. The current model can be useful in phenomenological engine simulation of multi-hole injectors.

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“…These techniques have come under several different names: flameless oxidation [1], fuel-oxidant direct injection [2], moderate and intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion [3], low-NO x combustion [4], and high temperature air combustion (HTAC) [5]. What these methods all have in common is mixing of fuel and air with combustion products from within the furnace, generally through tailored nozzle design ensuring high entrainment, termed in [6] as "strong-jet/weak-jet" mixing. This results in an extended reaction zone where the temperatures and reactant concentrations are lowered through entrainment of furnace combustion products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%