The structural and functional correlates of the efficiency in fearful face detection

Wang, Yongchao; Guo, Nana; Zhao, Li; Huang, Hui; Yao, Xiaonan; Sang, Na; Hou, Xiaorui; Mao, Yu; Bi, Taiyong; Qiu, Jiang

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.04.004

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…It is important to note that the relationship between grey matter volume and strength of functional activity or functional connectivity is not so straightforward as it could be expected. On the one hand, there is a substantial number of studies in which positive relationships between GMV and local activity (Braskie et al 2009;Trivedi et al 2011;Maillet and Rajah 2011) or functional connectivity (Wang et al 2017) was reported. In some cases, increases in GMV can be caused by training or improving skills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical Correlates of Social Intelligence Measured by the Guilford Test

et al. 2021

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Social interactions are a crucial aspect of human behaviour. Numerous neurophysiological studies have focused on socio-cognitive processes associated with the so-called theory of mind—the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others. Theory of mind is closely related to social intelligence defined as a set of abilities that facilitate effective social interactions. Social intelligence encompasses multiple theory of mind components and can be measured by the Four Factor Test of Social Intelligence (the Guilford-Sullivan test). However, it is unclear whether the differences in social intelligence are reflected in structural brain differences. During the experiment, 48 healthy right-handed individuals completed the Guilford-Sullivan test. T1-weighted structural MRI images were obtained for all participants. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed to reveal grey matter volume differences between the two groups (24 subjects in each)—with high social intelligence scores and with low social intelligence scores, respectively. Participants with high social intelligence scores had larger grey matter volumes of the bilateral caudate. The obtained results suggest the caudate nucleus involvement in the neural system of socio-cognitive processes, reflected by its structural characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical Correlates of Social Intelligence Measured by the Guilford Test

et al. 2021

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“…The hippocampus has often been implicated in PTSD and is involved in memory and context processes (Liberzon & Abelson, ). The left fusiform gyrus is an area involved in facial recognition (Albonico & Barton, ; Wang et al, ). The positive correlation between habituation in these regions and PTSD symptoms points to the possibility that amygdala‐mediated excitation of feedback projections to the ventral visual stream (Amaral, Behniea, & Kelly, ) and associative memory regions (McGaugh, ) also habituate in individuals with PTSD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between posttraumatic stress disorder severity and amygdala habituation to fearful stimuli

et al. 2019

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Background: Amygdala hyperreactivity to threat has been proposed to be a causal contributor to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, emerging literature in healthy samples shows higher test-retest reliability for amygdala habituation (the change over time in response to repeated stimuli) than for its reactivity to threat.Amygdala habituation has received relatively little attention in relationship to PTSD, despite the key role of this region in the etiology of the disorder. Thus, we investigated habituation to repeated fearful face stimuli and PTSD, in a large sample of trauma exposed African American women.Methods: African American women (N = 100) were recruited from a nonprofit hospital serving a largely low-income population with a high risk of trauma exposure.Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging, passively viewing fearful and neutral face stimuli, and reported their history of trauma exposure and current PTSD symptoms. We examined associations between PTSD symptom severity and amygdala reactivity (fearful > neutral) and habituation (early > late) to fearful faces. Secondary analyses tested whether amygdala habituation to fearful faces mediated the association between childhood trauma and PTSD.Results: PTSD symptom severity and PTSD status (based on self-report measure) were both positively associated with amygdala habituation to repeated fearful face stimuli.Whole-brain analysis showed that this association extended to the bilateral hippocampus and left fusiform gyrus. The association held when controlling for trauma history and depressive symptoms. Amygdala habituation to fearful faces partially mediated the association between childhood trauma severity and PTSD symptom severity. Conclusion: Individuals with greater PTSD symptom severity showed greater amygdala habituation to social threat cues (fearful faces), and greater habituation may partly explain the association between childhood trauma exposure and current PTSD symptoms. Further examination of the dynamics of the amygdala response to threat cues may lead to new insights in the understanding and treatment of stress-related disorders. K E Y W O R D S amygdala, fear, fMRI, habituation, trauma Ye Ji Kim and Sanne J. H. van Rooij contributed equally to this work.

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“…Nevertheless, many psychologists believe that validity was and is missing from experimental research into the unconscious (Gawronski, LeBel & Peters, 2007;Wang & Minor, 2008;Bargh, 2011;Greenwald & Banaji, 2017;Wang et al, 2017). Outcomes for unconscious processing have been criticized for several reasons as regards their validity (Breitmeyer & Ogmen, 2000;Gawronski, LeBel & Peters, 2007;Strick et al, 2011).…”

Section: Survival and Refutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Conscious Researchers in Unconscious Research”: A Motivational Revisit of Issues, Resolutions, and Applied Awareness in Backward Masking using Faces

Tsikandilakis¹,

Bali²,

Karlis³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In this manuscript, we provide a discourse of issues and resolutions that we should be conscious of when doing research in the unconscious using backward masking of faces. First, we revisit subjects that are contributing for understanding the unconscious as a concept. These involve historical episodes and early episodes of controversial experimentation. Subsequently, we revisit and discuss topical concepts, such as the metrics and the statistical analyses applied for assessing perception during backward masking. We proceed to discussing novel and developing issues relating to masked visual processing and contemporary psychophysics. We empirically illustrate how these issues bias experimental research. We present and empirically illustrate resolutions for these issues, such as the application of signal detection theory metrics, Bayesian analysis and advances in the psychophysics of masked presentations using faces. We assess whether and the extent to which we are truly conscious of established and known, and novel and developing issues and resolutions. We make use of backward masking as a rally point to emphasize the importance of conscious scholarly and methodological awareness for undertaking and advancing research in the unconscious.

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The structural and functional correlates of the efficiency in fearful face detection

Cited by 12 publications

References 92 publications

Neuroanatomical Correlates of Social Intelligence Measured by the Guilford Test

Neuroanatomical Correlates of Social Intelligence Measured by the Guilford Test

Association between posttraumatic stress disorder severity and amygdala habituation to fearful stimuli

“Conscious Researchers in Unconscious Research”: A Motivational Revisit of Issues, Resolutions, and Applied Awareness in Backward Masking using Faces

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