The Structure and Chemical Composition of Wall Paintings From Islamic and Christian Times in the Seville Alcazar

Robador, M.D.; Viguerie, Laurence de; Pérez-Rodríguez, J. L.; Rousselière, Hélène; Walter, Philippe; Castaing, J.

doi:10.1111/arcm.12218

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…That silicon content could be due to the addition of quartz during the manufacture. Besides, the low content of aluminium, iron, and magnesium might be associated with phyllosilicates; similar results have been observed in other Arabic mortar samples of the same periods [22, 23, 25].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The Arabic mural painting manufacture is different from the Roman ones in the number of preparatory layers, only two layers while Roman employed up to three layers of mortars with differing quantities of quartz. A similar technology process has been found in other Arabic mural paintings [22, 23, 25]. Sulphur was not detected in area analysis in the preparatory layer of the Arabic samples, whereas some small grains in the preparatory layer that contained sulphur and calcium were observed.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

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Characterization of Roman and Arabic Mural Paintings of the Archaeological Site of Cercadilla (Cordoba, Spain)

et al. 2019

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The archaeological site of Cercadilla (Cordoba, Spain) includes a complete chronological sequence from the 3rd to 12th centuries. The most relevant monument is a Roman palace dated between the end of the 3rd century and the beginning of the 4th century AD. It is believed that it was the headquarters of the Emperor Maximiano Herculeo. A bathtub with mural paintings has been found in the thermal zone of the palace. Regarding the occupation of the archaeological site in the medieval period, it should be pointed out that two houses with mural paintings were found; these belong to the Caliphal era (10th-11th centuries). During the Caliphal era, the archaeological site was mostly occupied by one of the large suburbs surrounding the walled city. Cercadilla was gradually abandoned; this process starts at the beginning of the 11th century. This study is focused on the analysis of pigments and preparatory layers of red and white mural paintings of the Roman period in the bath zone and on the analysis of pigments in mural paintings in two houses of the Caliphal era. In the thermal zone, the walls have a white mural painting with vertical and horizontal red bands, while the walls in the two Caliphal houses present the red mural painting decorated with white stripes. Techniques such as Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy in combination with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis (SEM-EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), micro X-ray Diffraction (μ-XRD), Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF), and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) have been used to study the mural paintings of this archaeological site. The results allowed to determine the composition of the materials used and to understand the differences between the technologies employed in Roman and Caliphal remains studied.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Characterization of Roman and Arabic Mural Paintings of the Archaeological Site of Cercadilla (Cordoba, Spain)

et al. 2019

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“…In situ XRF and XRD measurements have been performed using two portable in‐house developed systems already used in the Alcazar for wall paintings One system was designed to perform simultaneously XRD and XRF; it is equipped with an air‐cooled iMOXS source (IFG‐GmbH, Berlin, Germany) operated at 28 W power and 40 kV high voltage, with a copper anode and a poly‐capillary semi‐lens that provides a parallel beam . XRD (Cu‐Kα, λ = 0.154 nm) has geometrical constraints, in particular an incident beam at 10° from the object surface.…”

Section: Experimental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross‐sections of the glazes were prepared. Optical microscopy (OM) and SEM‐EDX analyses were carried out with the laboratory equipment used in previous investigations . No quantitative analysis has been carried out by SEM‐EDX.…”

Section: Experimental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological evolution of ceramic glazes in the renaissance: In situ analysis of tiles in the Alcazar (Seville, Spain)

Viguerie

Robador²,

Castaing

et al. 2018

J Am Ceram Soc

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The Alcazar Palace (Seville, Spain) is famous for its ceramic decorations; 16th century wall tiles of different typologies have been analyzed in order to relate the manufacturing process of their colored glazes to the evolving technologies of the Renaissance. Chemical and mineralogical compositions have been determined in situ by nondestructive X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction on arista ceramics in the Cenador de Carlos Quinto, and majolica ceramics in the Palacio Gotico and the Royal oratory. The arista style belongs to the local Hispano‐Moresque ceramic tradition. Majolica tiles have the complex microstructures of glazes from Italy. The two types are clearly differentiated by their typology, morphology (curved vs flat surface), and also microstructure (single vs multi‐layers), glaze chemistry, and use of different coloring agents. Moreover, we found different glaze chemistries in the investigated majolicas, which correspond to different artists and/or practices.

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“…The chemical compositions of coloured and gilded materials, the ground layer, the textile support, the binder and morphology of the pigments in the cartonnage fragments without damage were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Afifi, 2011;Robador et al 2016). Briefly, sample fragments were placed on glass slides and analysed using an X-ray diffractometer system (the PANalytical PW3040 pro model) with a Cu target tube and an Ni filter, at 40 kV and 30 mA (X'Pert HighScore).…”

Section: Pigment Identification Of Cartonnagementioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Biodeterioration and Chromatic Alterations of Painted and Gilded Mummy Cartonnage at the Saqqara Museum Storeroom, Egypt

et al. 2017

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Microbial biofilms have developed on the surfaces and within the painted and gilded layers of mummy cartonnage at the Saqqara museum storeroom in Giza, Egypt. SEM–EDX, XRD and FT–IR–ATR techniques were applied to analyse the coloured and gilded materials, ground layer, textile support and binder used for the cartonnage. Aspergillus niger (24.8%), Penicillium chrysogenum (21.5%) and a novel cartonnage‐biodegrading bacterium, Bacillus sonorensis (23.7%), were the most abundant microbes growing over the cartonnage surface. In addition, Aspergillus tamari (15.4%), A. fumigates (8.1%) and Fusarium solani (6.5%) were identified. The pigments comprised Egyptian blue (cuprorivaite), cinnabar (red), orpiment (yellow) and green pigment made from a mixture of cuprorivaite and orpiment. Gold leaf was used for the gilded layer, calcium carbonate and gypsum comprised the ground layer, gum arabic was the binding medium and the fibre base was a fine linen textile. Microbial colonization tests were performed on aged cartonnage replica samples made from linen and pigments of similar composition to ancient pigments found in the cartonnage. Each sample was inoculated separately with A. niger, P. chrysogenum and B. sonorensis. Yellow orpiment samples were the exception, as no colour change was detected after colonization by the examined micro‐organisms.

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The Structure and Chemical Composition of Wall Paintings From Islamic and Christian Times in the Seville Alcazar

Cited by 27 publications

References 26 publications

Characterization of Roman and Arabic Mural Paintings of the Archaeological Site of Cercadilla (Cordoba, Spain)

Characterization of Roman and Arabic Mural Paintings of the Archaeological Site of Cercadilla (Cordoba, Spain)

Technological evolution of ceramic glazes in the renaissance: In situ analysis of tiles in the Alcazar (Seville, Spain)

A Study of Biodeterioration and Chromatic Alterations of Painted and Gilded Mummy Cartonnage at the Saqqara Museum Storeroom, Egypt

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