The structure and vibrational frequencies of crystalline nitric acid

Ortega, Ismael K.; Escribano, Rafael; Fernández, Delia; Herrero, Vı́ctor J.; Maté, Belén; Medialdea, Alicia; Moreno, M.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(03)01290-9

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The strong infrared absorption at 1378 cm -1 on nitric acid treated nanotubes has generally been left unassigned in the literature. 18,28,29 However, this peak was documented as arising from nitrate groups 30 in nitric acid oxidized carbon fiber. 31 After washing with KOH solution, this peak, as well as the peak around 833 cm -1 (OH out-of-plane torsion), 30 disappears.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and Structure of Nitric Acid Oxidized Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Films

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Single wall carbon nanotube films (bucky paper) have been prepared using aqueous dispersions containing 0, 3, 6, and 10 M nitric acid. With increasing nitric acid concentration, film tensile strength increased from 10 to 74 MPa, tensile modulus from 0.8 to 5.0 GPa, while in-plane dc electrical conductivity decreased from 3 × 10 4 S/m to 1.2 × 10 4 S/m. In-plane storage modulus exhibited no decrease in the measured temperature range (room temperature to 200°C). Raman spectroscopy showed that nitric acid treatment results in the loss of the small diameter tubes. This was consistent with the X-ray diffraction observation, which showed that with increasing nitric acid concentration, (10) and (11) SWNT d spacings increased from 1.23 to 1.29 nm and from 0.74 to 0.87 nm, respectively. Morphological changes in the film have been monitored using scanning electron microscopy.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and Structure of Nitric Acid Oxidized Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Films

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Middlebrook et al [1992] reported that NAD is a metastable phase which converts to β-NAT when exposed to stratospheric H 2 O partial pressures. Since then, many research groups have published αand β-NAT absorption spectra in the mid-IR spectral range, both in transmission [Tso and Leu, 1996;Martin-Llorente et al, 2006;Ortega et al, 2006] and in grazing incidence using Reflection Absorption IR Spectroscopy [Zondlo et al, 1998[Zondlo et al, , 2000Ortega et al, 2003Ortega et al, , 2006Herrero et al, 2006;Escribano et al, 2007]. Several research groups who have published mid-IR absorption spectra of NAT also have also reported spectra of NAD including polymorphism (α-and β-NAD) that strongly depended on the temperature of crystallization .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mid‐IR Absorption Cross Sections of α‐ and β‐NAT (HNO₃ · 3H₂O) in the range 170 to 185 K and of metastable NAD (HNO₃ · 2H₂O) in the range 172 to 182 K

Iannarelli

Rossi

2015

JGR Atmospheres

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Growth and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption in transmission of the title nitric acid hydrates have been performed in a stirred flow reactor (SFR) under tight control of the H2O and HNO3 deposition conditions affording a closed mass balance of the binary mixture. The gas and condensed phases have been simultaneously monitored using residual gas mass spectrometry and FTIR absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Barrierless nucleation of the metastable phases of both α‐NAT (nitric acid trihydrate) and NAD (nitric acid dihydrate) has been observed when HNO3 was admitted to the SFR in the presence of a macroscopic thin film of pure H2O ice of typically 1 µm thickness. The stable β‐NAT phase was spontaneously formed from the precursor α‐NAT phase through irreversible thermal rearrangement beginning at 185 K. This facile growth scheme of nitric acid hydrates requires the presence of H2O ice at thicknesses in excess of approximately hundred nanometers. Absolute absorption cross sections in the mid‐IR spectral range (700–4000 cm−1) of all three title compounds have been obtained after spectral subtraction of excess pure ice at temperatures characteristic of the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. Prominent IR absorption frequencies correspond to the antisymmetric nitrate stretch vibration (ν3(NO3−)) in the range 1300 to 1420 cm−1 and the bands of hydrated protons in the range 1670 to 1850 cm−1 in addition to the antisymmetric O–H stretch vibration of bound H2O in the range 3380 to 3430 cm−1 for NAT.

show abstract

“…A magnified image of the FTIR spectrum covering the wavelength range 1200–3800 cm −1 of the nanotube film soaked in acid (step 3) is given in Figure g to analyze the effect of acid treatment on the chemical composition of the SWNTs. The peaks at 1320 and 1670 cm −1 are assigned to NO 2 symmetric and antisymmetric stretching modes while the peak at 1440 cm −1 is due to NOH bending vibrations . The broad peak around 3550 cm −1 is attributed to OH stretching mode and the reasons for the appearance of a broad peak around 2500 cm −1 is unclear.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Highly Conductive Swnt Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Does Electronic Type Matter when Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes are Used for Electrode Applications?

Dabera

Prabhath

Lai

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) electrodes that are chemically and mechanically robust are fabricated using a simple drop cast method with thermal annealing and acid treatment. An electronic-type selective decrease in sheet resistance of SWNT electrodes with HNO3 treatment is shown. Semiconducting SWNTs show a significantly higher affinity toward hole doping in comparison to metallic SWNTs; a ≈12-fold and a ≈fivefold drop in sheet resistance, respectively. The results suggest the insignificance of the electronic type of the SWNTs for the film conductivity after hole doping. The SWNT films have been employed as transparent hole extracting electrodes in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics. Performances of the devices enlighten the fact that the electrode film morphology dominates over the electronic type of the doped SWNTs with similar sheet resistance and optical transmission. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.4% for the best performing device is the best carbon nanotube transparent electrode incorporated large area BHJ solar cell reported to date. This PCE is 90% in terms of PCEs achieved using indium tin oxide (ITO) based reference devices with identical film fabrication parameters indicating the potential of the SWNT electrodes as an ITO replacement toward realization of all carbon solar cells. Fabrication of electronic-type separated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) electrodes for organic solar cells, using a simple drop cast method followed by thermal and acid treatment. The thermal and acid treatment processes significantly enhance the conductivity of the SWNT films, enabling the use of the conductivity-enhanced SWNT layers as hole extracting, transparent electrodes in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells

show abstract

The structure and vibrational frequencies of crystalline nitric acid

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

Properties and Structure of Nitric Acid Oxidized Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Films

Properties and Structure of Nitric Acid Oxidized Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Films

The mid‐IR Absorption Cross Sections of α‐ and β‐NAT (HNO₃ · 3H₂O) in the range 170 to 185 K and of metastable NAD (HNO₃ · 2H₂O) in the range 172 to 182 K

Does Electronic Type Matter when Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes are Used for Electrode Applications?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The structure and vibrational frequencies of crystalline nitric acid

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

Properties and Structure of Nitric Acid Oxidized Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Films

Properties and Structure of Nitric Acid Oxidized Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Films

The mid‐IR Absorption Cross Sections of α‐ and β‐NAT (HNO3 · 3H2O) in the range 170 to 185 K and of metastable NAD (HNO3 · 2H2O) in the range 172 to 182 K

Does Electronic Type Matter when Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes are Used for Electrode Applications?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The mid‐IR Absorption Cross Sections of α‐ and β‐NAT (HNO₃ · 3H₂O) in the range 170 to 185 K and of metastable NAD (HNO₃ · 2H₂O) in the range 172 to 182 K