The structure, device physics, and material properties of thin film electroluminescent displays

Rack, Philip D.; Holloway, Paul H.

doi:10.1016/s0927-796x(97)00010-7

Cited by 438 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…EL lamps are visible in mobile phone keypads, watches, aeronautical and automotive instrumentation, and advertising panels [2]. Since the initial discovery of electroluminescence in 1936 [3] electroluminescent devices have been developed based on inorganic thin-film alternating-current EL (TFACEL) [4], inorganic semiconductor based EL (such as light emitting diodes) [5], and organic semiconductor EL (such as organic light emitting diodes) [6]. For the purposes of this research the term 'EL lamp' will be used to describe AC powder EL lamps such as those based on ZnS phosphors [3].…”

Section: ) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispenser printed electroluminescent lamps on textiles for smart fabric applications

Vos

Torah

Tudor

2016

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Abstract-Flexible electroluminescent (EL) lamps are fabricated onto woven textiles using a novel dispenser printing process. Dispenser printing utilises pressurised air to deposit ink onto a substrate through a syringe and nozzle. This work demonstrates the first use of this technology to fabricate EL lamps. The luminance of the dispenser printed EL lamps is compared to screen-printed EL lamps, both printed on textile, and also commercial EL lamps on polyurethane film. The dispenser printed lamps are shown to have a 1.5 times higher luminance than the best performing commercially available lamp, and have a comparable performance to the screen-printed lamps.

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Section: ) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispenser printed electroluminescent lamps on textiles for smart fabric applications

Vos

Torah

Tudor

2016

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…It is perceived that the crystal field splitting (D q ) is proportional to 1/R 5 , which R is the bond length of activator cation-ligand anion. 25 This larger crystal field splits the lowest energy level of Ce 3þ ion, i.e., 5d state band, and eventually induces a red-shift emission of Ce 3þ ion as shown in Fig. 3(c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Photoluminescence and energy transfer of YAG: Ce3+, Gd3+, Bi3+

Que

Zhou

et al. 2016

J. Adv. Dielect.

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In this study, Gd 3þ and Bi 3þ ions act to redshift the emission band to orange region, and to enhance significantly the maximum emission of YAG: Ce 3þ . On account that size mismatch between the host and the doped Gd 3þ ion, the crystal structure turns soft, and the emission spectra are not tuned from 540 to 570 nm but decreased the emission intensity. Accordingly, an effective way to increase emission intensity is to introduce Bi 3þ ion into the YAG: Ce 3þ , Gd 3þ phosphors. Experimental results show partial overlapping between the emission band of Bi 3þ ion and the excitation band of Ce 3þ ion, indicating that the energy transfer from Bi 3þ to Ce 3þ ions exists in the (Y 1:94 Ce 0:06 Gd)Al 5 O 12 : Bi 3þ phosphor. Bi 3þ ion can serve as the activator to provide energy for Ce 3þ ion via cross relaxation phenomenon. Therefore, the (Y 1:94 Ce 0:06 Gd)Al 5 O 12 : Bi 3þ phosphor could have potential applications in warm white LEDs.

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“…Its magnitude depends on the bond lengths from the activator ions to the coordinating oxygen ligands, the molecular overlap or degree of covalency between the activator ion and its ligands, the coordination environment, and the symmetry of the activator-ion sites [4,40]. Dq, which is proportional to the splitting energy in high symmetry (cubic) environments can be estimated on the basis of a point-charge model according to the following expression: Fig.…”

Section: Energetics Of the Activator Ions And The Effect And Importanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where Z is the charge or valence of the anion, e is the charge of an electron, r is the radius of the d wave function, and R is the bond length between the activator ion and its ligand [4,40]. Comparing different coordination geometries with the same R, Rogers and Dorenbos [41] determined that the ligand field splitting tends to be largest for octahedral coordination, followed by cubal coordination.…”

Section: Energetics Of the Activator Ions And The Effect And Importanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Phosphor Materials for Lighting

2016

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This chapter addresses the development of inorganic phosphor materials capable of converting the near UV or blue radiation emitted by a light emitting diode to visible radiation that can be suitably combined to yield white light. These materials are at the core of the new generation of solid-state lighting devices that are emerging as a crucial clean and energy saving technology. The chapter introduces the problem of white light generation using inorganic phosphors and the structureproperty relationships in the broad class of phosphor materials, normally containing lanthanide or transition metal ions as dopants. Radiative and non-radiative relaxation mechanisms are briefly described. Phosphors emitting light of different colors (yellow, blue, green, and red) are described and reviewed, classifying them in different chemical families of the host (silicates, phosphates, aluminates, borates, and non-oxide hosts). This research field has grown rapidly and is still growing, but the discovery of new phosphor materials with optimized properties (in terms of emission efficiency, chemical and thermal stability, color, purity, and cost of fabrication) would still be of the utmost importance.

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The structure, device physics, and material properties of thin film electroluminescent displays

Cited by 438 publications

References 32 publications

Dispenser printed electroluminescent lamps on textiles for smart fabric applications

Dispenser printed electroluminescent lamps on textiles for smart fabric applications

Photoluminescence and energy transfer of YAG: Ce3+, Gd3+, Bi3+

Inorganic Phosphor Materials for Lighting

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