The Structure of Herpes Simplex Virus Dna and Its Application to Molecular Epidemiology*

Buchman, Timothy G.; Simpson, Terry; Nosal, Cathy; Roizman, Bernard; Nahmias, André J.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb27972.x

Cited by 94 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, minor variations in the size of certain bands from the repetitive hinge region, such as HpaI fragment R or EcoRI fragment K, were common. Such hinge region variability has previously been reported for virus grown in vitro (Buchman et al, 1980;Lonsdale et al, 1980). As was observed for singly infected animals, recurrent virus obtained from bilaterally infected animals also appeared to be genetically stable.…”

Section: Restriction Enzyme Analysis Of Virus Recovered From Double Imentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Regarding genetic stability and diversity of recurrent HSV, investigations by Buchman et al (1980) and by Lonsdale et al (1980) have clearly shown that epidemiologically unrelated virus isolates are readily distinguishable by their restriction enzyme cleavage patterns. The remarkable variability of HSV strains does not seem to be due to a high mutation rate of individual nucleotide sequences, since virus strains that have undergone serial passage in cell culture in the laboratory are genetically stable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, recurrent infections have been shown to be due to re-expression of endogenous virus. The most rigorous evidence for this has been provided by restriction enzyme analysis, with which viruses isolated from different recurrent episodes of the same individual have been shown to be identical in their DNA fragment patterns, whereas viruses isolated from epidemiologically unrelated individuals invariably are different (Buchman et al, 1980;Lonsdale et al, 1980). The recurrence frequencies for different individuals can vary greatly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some individuals apparently never experience a recurrence, while others have multiple recurrences. Despite the apparent ineffectiveness of the immune response to control re-expression of latent virus, re-infection by HSV of exogenous origin is rare and any given individual apparently retains only one latent virus that is genetically stable over many years (Buchman et al, 1980;Lonsdale et al 1980). Based on these observations, two fundamental questions arise regarding the HSV strategy that results in recurrent disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recurrence Phenotypes and Establishment of Latency Following Rabbit Keratitis Produced by Multiple Herpes Simplex Virus Strains

Gerdes

Smith

1983

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYDistinct high frequency recurrence (HFRc) or low frequency recurrence (LFRc) phenotypes were observed following rabbit keratitis with three type 1 and five type 2 herpes simplex virus strains. LFRc strains were found to have latently infected the animal but were detected very rarely, if at all, in the eye following the acute phase. The recurrence phenotypes defined in singly infected animals remained unchanged following bilateral infection of the same animal with strains of opposite phenotype. Cocultivation of virus from bilaterally infected animals showed that both virus strains were capable of latently infecting the same animal. Restriction enzyme analysis of plaque-purified virus revealed that some ganglia were latently infected with both parental strains, Recombinants were also found. Some latently infected animals could be re-infected acutely. However, establishment of latency by the superinfecting strain was inhibited.

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Section: Restriction Enzyme Analysis Of Virus Recovered From Double Imentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Recurrence Phenotypes and Establishment of Latency Following Rabbit Keratitis Produced by Multiple Herpes Simplex Virus Strains

Gerdes

Smith

1983

Journal of General Virology

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“…The existence of intratypic polymorphism in HSV genomes led to the establishment of a new field in terms of molecular epidemiology (Roizman & Buchman, 1979;Buchman et al, 1980;Roizman & Tognon, 1983;Sakaoka et al, 1984Sakaoka et al, , 1985. For instance, DNA variability among HSV strains has been employed in the field to trace transmission of HSV in hospitals (Hammerberg et al, 1983;Manzella et al, 1984;Sakaoka et al, 1986) and other communities (Hammer et al, 1980;Sakaoka et al, 1984;Mertz et al, t988), and to determine whether infection resulted from reactivation of latent virus or from reinfection with exogenous virus (Whitley et al, 1982;Alams et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of genomic polymorphism of herpes simplex virus type 1 strains from six countries: studies of molecular evolution and molecular epidemiology of the virus

Sakaoka¹,

Kurita²,

Iida

et al. 1994

Journal of General Virology

159

110

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Using the presence or absence of 63 variable restriction endonuclease (RE) sites selected from 225 sites with six REs, genomic polymorphism of 242 herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains from six countries (Japan, Korea, China, Sweden, U.S.A. and Kenya) was quantitatively analysed. Twenty-five of the 63 sites were found to differ between Korean and Kenyan strains. In contrast, only three and six sites were found to differ between isolates from Sweden and the U.S.A. and between those from Korea and China, respectively, suggesting that they are closely related to each other. In this way, characterization of 63 sites enabled us to categorize 186 distinct HSV-1 genotypes from 242 individuals. Some strains from Japan, Korea and China shared the same genotypes, indicating that they are phylogenetically closely related. Many significant correlation coefficients (] r ] > 0.42; P < 0.01) between pairs of sites were found in isolates from the three Asian countries (Japan, Korea and China) as well as in those from Sweden and the U.S.A., suggesting that HSV-1 strains from within the same ethnic groups are evolutionarily closer. The average number of nucleotide substitutions per nucleotide, as defined by nucleotide diversity (~), was estimated for HSV-1 genomes within (~x or ~y) and between (~xY) countries. On the basis of 225 sites, nucleotide diversity for Kenyan isolates was 0-0056, almost three times higher than that for Korean isolates, implying that Kenyan HSV-1 genomes are much more diverse than those from Korea. In addition, the diversity between HSV-1 isolates from different countries (~xY) was highest between isolates from the three Asian countries and Kenya (0.0075 to 0.0081) and lowest among those from the three Asian countries (0.0032 to 0.0040). The mutation rate (k) for HSV-1 was estimated to be 3-5 x 10 S/site/year. All these findings show that the evolution of HSV-1 may be host-dependent and very slow.

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Genotyping of herpes simplex virus type 1 strains isolated from ocular materials of patients with herpetic keratitis

Umene¹,

Inoue²,

Shimomura³

2003

Journal of Medical Virology

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the etiological agent of herpetic keratitis. The epithelial form ("epithelial keratitis") is attributed mainly to destruction of the epithelium through active viral replication within the epithelium. The stromal form ("stromal keratitis") is associated with immune reactions within the stroma and is the common cause of human blindness. In the present study, 29 HSV-1 strains isolated from human ocular materials of herpetic keratitis were classified into 14 genotypes on the basis of DNA polymorphisms. Twenty-one of 29 (72%) strains from eyes examined in the present study were of genotypes that were shown previously to be present in strains from non-ocular lesions (including genital herpes). Five of nine (56%) strains from eyes related to stromal keratitis were of the F1 genotype, while four of twenty (20%) strains from eyes not related to stromal keratitis were of the F1 genotype. Thus, the proportion of F1 genotype was assumed to be larger in the group of strains related to stromal keratitis than in that not so related, suggesting an association of the F1 genotype with stromal keratitis. A connection of F1 genotype with recurrence was proposed previously; hence, F1 genotype seems to be associated to both stromal keratitis and the recurrence, thereby supporting the relationship between stromal keratitis and recurrence.

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The Structure of Herpes Simplex Virus Dna and Its Application to Molecular Epidemiology*

Cited by 94 publications

References 18 publications

Recurrence Phenotypes and Establishment of Latency Following Rabbit Keratitis Produced by Multiple Herpes Simplex Virus Strains

Recurrence Phenotypes and Establishment of Latency Following Rabbit Keratitis Produced by Multiple Herpes Simplex Virus Strains

Quantitative analysis of genomic polymorphism of herpes simplex virus type 1 strains from six countries: studies of molecular evolution and molecular epidemiology of the virus

Genotyping of herpes simplex virus type 1 strains isolated from ocular materials of patients with herpetic keratitis

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