The Structure of Personality and Temperament

Saucier, Gerard; Simonds, Jennifer

doi:10.4324/9781315805610.ch6

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Temperament seems a particularly promising psychological concept to draw on in explicating the basic nature of personality because it focuses on constitutional, biologically rooted predispositions that are present throughout the life span. Several different temperament models have been proffered for infancy, middle childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, but these models differ considerably in the number of temperament constructs posited and in the content of these constructs (for reviews, see Saucier & Simonds, 2006; Shiner, 2006). These differences have been an impediment to integrative work across the life span.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approach and Avoidance Temperament as Basic Dimensions of Personality

Elliot

Thrash

2010

Journal of Personality

304

309

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This research comprises 6 studies designed to examine approach and avoidance temperament as basic dimensions of personality. In Study 1, we developed direct measures of approach and avoidance temperament. In Study 2, we demonstrated that the approach and avoidance temperament variables are not epiphenomena of response biases. In Study 3, we documented the test-retest stability of the temperament variables. In Study 4, we documented that approach and avoidance temperament are separate from other like-valenced variables and may be construed as the core of these variables. In Study 5, we documented that approach and avoidance temperament are separate from chronic promotion and prevention foci. In Study 6, we distinguished the temperament variables from achievement goal variables and documented the temperament variables as antecedents of achievement goals and achievement goals as proximal predictors of performance. Approach and avoidance temperament are discussed as an ideal foundation for a strong, enduring structure of personality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approach and Avoidance Temperament as Basic Dimensions of Personality

Elliot

Thrash

2010

Journal of Personality

304

309

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“…Three and 5 factor models have generally received the most support and attention (Clark & Watson, 2008; Saucier & Simonds, 2006). The Big 3 model includes the theoretically independent traits of Positive Emotionality, Negative Emotionality, and Constraint (Clark & Watson, 2008).…”

Section: Personality Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Roughly analogous to the temperament traits described above, these dimensions capture individual differences in sociability and positive affect, aggression and distress, and self-control and traditionalism (Clark & Watson, 2008). The Big 5 model includes the traits of Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness (Saucier & Simonds, 2006). The first three traits are similar to the Big 3, and the last two capture individual differences in trust and selflessness, and intellect and aesthetics (Saucier & Simonds, 2006).…”

Section: Personality Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Big 5 model includes the traits of Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness (Saucier & Simonds, 2006). The first three traits are similar to the Big 3, and the last two capture individual differences in trust and selflessness, and intellect and aesthetics (Saucier & Simonds, 2006). Importantly, although the Big 3 and 5 appear to be competing paradigms, this is not necessarily the case, as the Big 5 factors are largely nested within the Big 3 factors (Markon, Krueger, & Watson, 2005).…”

Section: Personality Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality in the age of industry: Structure, heritability, and correlates of personality in middle childhood from the perspective of parents, teachers, and children

Clark

Durbin

Hicks

et al. 2017

Journal of Research in Personality

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Middle childhood is a crucial juncture in the lifespan where children work towards achieving a sense of competence foundational for future development. However, middle childhood has historically been underrepresented in the personality literature. The current study provides a comprehensive examination of personality in middle childhood using a large (N = 2510), longitudinal sample of 10- to 12-year-old twins. The structure, heritability, and correlates of personality in this period were investigated using personality ratings of parents, teachers, and children. Results showed that personality in middle childhood has a coherent structure, is heritable, and is relevant for developmentally salient outcomes such as externalizing behavior, substance use, and academic engagement. Results emphasize the importance of investigating personality in middle childhood across multiple informants.

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“…Researchers who focus exclusively on stable traits treat personality as residing "within" the individual (i.e., internal attributes), whereas a broader conception might also incorporate more external attributes such as the roles individuals' play, their status in society, the effect they have on others, and their physical appearance, at least to the extent that these attributes are deemed by cultural informants to provide information about personality (Goldberg, 1982;John et al, 1988;Saucier, 1997;Saucier & Simonds, 2006). For brevity, we will refer to terms in these categories as social and physical attributes.…”

Section: Why Study Terms For Social and Physical Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lexical studies of Filipino person descriptors: adding personality‐relevant social and physical attributes

et al. 2008

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Lexical studies have focused on traits. In the Filipino language, we investigated whether additional dimensions can be identified when personality-relevant terms for social roles, statuses, and effects, plus physical attributes, are included. Filipino students (N = 496) rated themselves on 268 such terms, plus 253 markers of trait and evaluative dimensions. We identified 10 dimensions of social and physical attributes-Prominence, Uselessness, Attractiveness, Respectability, Uniqueness, Destructiveness, Presentableness, Strength, Dangerousness, and Charisma. Most of these dimensions did not correspond in a one-to-one manner to Filipino or alternative trait models (Big Five, HEXACO, ML7). However, considerable redundancy was observed between the social and physical attribute dimensions and trait and evaluative dimensions. Thus, social and physical attributes communicate information about personality traits, and vice-versa. Keywords personality structure; indigenous; Philippines; lexical studiesThe natural language provides a useful starting point for describing the nature and number of ways that people differ, an important task in the study of personality and individual differences (Goldberg, 1981;Saucier, 1997). Use of the natural language to develop comprehensive taxonomies or classifications of person-descriptive terms is based on the lexical hypothesis, which states that "those individual differences that are most salient and socially relevant in people's lives will eventually become encoded into their language" (Goldberg, 1982, p. 204). In the typical lexical study, comprehensive or representative sets of person-descriptive terms, usually trait adjectives, have been used to obtain self or peer ratings, and factor analyses have been conducted to identify the dimensions that account for the covariation among the terms. When conducted in diverse languages, lexical studies can identify cross-cultural universals in personality language, individual-differences dimensions, and person perception categories, but might also reveal how cultural differences in values and experiences influence persondescriptive categories (Church, Katigbak, & Reyes, 1996; John, Angleitner, & Ostendorf, Address correspondence to: A. Timothy Church, Department of Educational Leadership and Counseling Psychology, Cleveland Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2136, church@mail.wsu.edu; Fax: (509) Phone: (509) 1988). In the present study, we extended previous lexical research in the Philippines (e.g., Church et al., 1996;Church, Reyes, Katigbak, & Grimm, 1997) by examining additional categories of person description-in particular, terms for social roles, statuses and effects, and physical anatomy and appearance-and by relating the derived Filipino dimensions to alternative structural models in the literature. The results are important for (a) indigenous psychology, in further clarifying the structure or dimensionality of person description in a non-Western culture; and (b) cross-cultural personality psychology, ...

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The Structure of Personality and Temperament

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Approach and Avoidance Temperament as Basic Dimensions of Personality

Approach and Avoidance Temperament as Basic Dimensions of Personality

Personality in the age of industry: Structure, heritability, and correlates of personality in middle childhood from the perspective of parents, teachers, and children

Lexical studies of Filipino person descriptors: adding personality‐relevant social and physical attributes

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