Electronic and structural properties of GaAs͑100͒͑2 ϫ 4͒, InAs͑100͒͑2 ϫ 4͒, and Sb/ InAs͑100͒͑2 ϫ 4͒ reconstructed surfaces have been studied by synchrotron-radiation photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy ͑STM͒. Based on the difference spectrum of As 3d core-level spectra of III-As͑100͒͑2 ϫ 4͒, measured in different surface-sensitivity conditions, as well as the line shape of the As 3d emission from the Sb-induced ͑2 ϫ 4͒ surface, we give evidence that the As 3d spectra of GaAs͑100͒͑2 ϫ 4͒ and InAs͑100͒͑2 ϫ 4͒ consist of two surface-core-level-shifted components. One of them is shifted about 0.2 eV to the lower kinetic energy from the bulk component. On the basis of the relative component intensities, this surface-shifted As 3d component is assigned to the emission from the first-layer As dimers in the established model of the ͑2 ϫ 4͒ surface. The other component, shifted about 0.3 eV to the higher kinetic energy, is connected to the third-layer As-dimer site. The comparison of the core-level results between GaAs͑100͒͑2 ϫ 4͒ and InAs͑100͒ ϫ͑2 ϫ 4͒ suggests that the ␣2 phase, which has one As dimer in both the first and third atomic layers per unit cell, exists on GaAs͑100͒͑2 ϫ 4͒, similarly to the case of InAs͑100͒͑2 ϫ 4͒, as predicted in theory but not observed to date. Furthermore, the STM observation of the GaAs͑100͒͑2 ϫ 4͒␣2 phase is reported.FIG. 1. Some atomic models with the cross sections for the III -V͑100͒͑2 ϫ 4͒ reconstruction: ͑a͒ , ͑b͒ ␣, ͑c͒ 2, and ͑d͒ ␣2.PHYSICAL REVIEW B 72, 045321 ͑2005͒