The structure of the Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised: diagnostic and phenotypic implications

Snow, Anne; Lecavalier, Luc; Houts, Carrie R.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02018.x

Cited by 91 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Lord et al 63 and Moss et al 71 also assessed inter-rater reliability but the studies were of poor methodological quality due to small sample size. 68,138,141,142 provided results that supported the structural validity of the Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours and Interests domain of the ADI-R. Generally, a two-factor structure was found to be the best fit, with the factors labelled 'insistence on sameness' and 'repetitive sensory and motor behaviour'. Three papers of good quality did not provide enough information to assess structural validity.…”

Section: Autism Diagnostic Interview-revisedmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The confirmatory factor analyses for two-or three-factor solutions were 'reasonable' [i.e. root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) of ≤ 0.07], 64,67,68 i.e. just above cut-off for a rating of 'good fit'.…”

Section: Autism Diagnostic Interview-revisedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internal consistency was assessed in five papers; 63,64,68,138,139 none reached the COSMIN cut-off for internal consistency (Cronbach's α > 0.70) with the exception of the Snow et al 68 paper, for which Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.70 for verbal children but not non-verbal children (0.61). Test-retest reliability was assessed in two papers 63,140 but both were of poor quality.…”

Section: Autism Diagnostic Interview-revisedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourteen papers 63,[65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72]139,140,146,196,197 were reviewed considering measurement properties of the ADI-R in relation to Communication. Four studies 63,68,139,146 assessed internal consistency, which found Cronbach's alpha coefficient from 0.45 to 0.83 for the Communication domain.…”

Section: Autism Diagnostic Interview-revisedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four studies 63,68,139,146 assessed internal consistency, which found Cronbach's alpha coefficient from 0.45 to 0.83 for the Communication domain. Six studies 63,65,67,69,71,196 assessed inter-rater reliability of the Communication domain; 78% agreement was reported between raters by Robertson et al 196 and kappa statistics ranging from 0.69 to 1.0.…”

Section: Autism Diagnostic Interview-revisedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Systematic review of tools to measure outcomes for young children with autism spectrum disorder

McConachie

Parr

Glod

et al. 2015

Health Technology Assessment

236

261

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BackgroundThe needs of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are complex and this is reflected in the number and diversity of outcomes assessed and measurement tools used to collect evidence about children’s progress. Relevant outcomes include improvement in core ASD impairments, such as communication, social awareness, sensory sensitivities and repetitiveness; skills such as social functioning and play; participation outcomes such as social inclusion; and parent and family impact.ObjectivesTo examine the measurement properties of tools used to measure progress and outcomes in children with ASD up to the age of 6 years. To identify outcome areas regarded as important by people with ASD and parents.MethodsThe MeASURe (Measurement in Autism Spectrum disorder Under Review) research collaboration included ASD experts and review methodologists. We undertook systematic review of tools used in ASD early intervention and observational studies from 1992 to 2013; systematic review, using the COSMIN checklist (Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments) of papers addressing the measurement properties of identified tools in children with ASD; and synthesis of evidence and gaps. The review design and process was informed throughout by consultation with stakeholders including parents, young people with ASD, clinicians and researchers.ResultsThe conceptual framework developed for the review was drawn from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, including the domains ‘Impairments’, ‘Activity Level Indicators’, ‘Participation’, and ‘Family Measures’. In review 1, 10,154 papers were sifted – 3091 by full text – and data extracted from 184; in total, 131 tools were identified, excluding observational coding, study-specific measures and those not in English. In review 2, 2665 papers were sifted and data concerning measurement properties of 57 (43%) tools were extracted from 128 papers. Evidence for the measurement properties of the reviewed tools was combined with information about their accessibility and presentation. Twelve tools were identified as having the strongest supporting evidence, the majority measuring autism characteristics and problem behaviour. The patchy evidence and limited scope of outcomes measured mean these tools do not constitute a ‘recommended battery’ for use. In particular, there is little evidence that the identified tools would be good at detecting change in intervention studies. The obvious gaps in available outcome measurement include well-being and participation outcomes for children, and family quality-of-life outcomes, domains particularly valued by our informants (young people with ASD and parents).ConclusionsThis is the first systematic review of the quality and appropriateness of tools designed to monitor progress and outcomes of young children with ASD. Although it was not possible to recommend fully robust tools at this stage, the review consolidates what is known about the field and will act as a benchmark for future developments. With input from parents and other stakeholders, recommendations are made about priority targets for research.Future workPriorities include development of a tool to measure child quality of life in ASD, and validation of a potential primary outcome tool for trials of early social communication intervention.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42012002223.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

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Section: Autism Diagnostic Interview-revisedmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Autism Diagnostic Interview-revisedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Autism Diagnostic Interview-revisedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Autism Diagnostic Interview-revisedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Autism Diagnostic Interview-revisedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Systematic review of tools to measure outcomes for young children with autism spectrum disorder

McConachie

Parr

Glod

et al. 2015

Health Technology Assessment

236

261

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Diagnostic Instruments in Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Lord

Corsello

Grzadzinski

2014

Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Fourth Edition

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The past 30 years has been an active period for the development of diagnostic instruments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), addressing a need in both research and clinical arenas. This chapter provides an overview of the design and selection of diagnostic instruments as well as a discussion of issues pertaining to the measurement of core ASD features. In addition, a brief historical review of some of the first instruments used to diagnose ASD is provided, followed by short descriptions of instruments currently used to diagnose ASD. The chapter concludes with a discussion about the use of instruments for specific purposes such as measuring change.

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Limited genetic covariance between autistic traits and intelligence: Findings from a longitudinal twin study

Hoekstra

Happé

Baron‐Cohen

et al. 2010

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Intellectual disability is common in individuals with autism spectrum conditions. However, the strength of the association between both conditions and its relevance to finding the underlying (genetic) causes of autism is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between autistic traits and intelligence in a general population twin sample and to examine the etiology of this association. Parental ratings of autistic traits and performance on intelligence tests were collected in a sample of 8,848 twin pairs when the children were 7/8, 9, and 12 years old. Phenotypic and longitudinal correlations in the sample as a whole were compared to the associations in the most extreme scoring 5% of the population. The genetic and environmental influences on the overlap between autistic traits and IQ and on the stability of this relationship over time were estimated using structural equation modeling. Autistic traits were modestly negatively correlated to intellectual ability, both in the extreme scoring groups and among the full-range scores. The correlation was stable over time and was mainly explained by autistic trait items assessing communication difficulties. Genetic model fitting showed that autistic traits and IQ were influenced by a common set of genes and a common set of environmental influences that continuously affect these traits throughout childhood. The genetic correlation between autistic traits and IQ was only modest. These findings suggest that individual differences in autistic traits are substantially genetically independent of intellectual functioning. The relevance of these findings to future studies is discussed.

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The structure of the Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised: diagnostic and phenotypic implications

Abstract: Overall, data suggested that autism symptomatology can be explained statistically with a two-domain model. It also pointed to different symptoms susceptible to be helpful in linkage analyses. Implications of a two-factor model are discussed.

Cited by 91 publications

References 27 publications

Systematic review of tools to measure outcomes for young children with autism spectrum disorder

Systematic review of tools to measure outcomes for young children with autism spectrum disorder

Diagnostic Instruments in Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Limited genetic covariance between autistic traits and intelligence: Findings from a longitudinal twin study

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