The structure of wild and domesticated emmer wheat populations, gene flow between them, and the site of emmer domestication

Luo, Ming‐Cheng; Yang, Zu-Li; You, Frank M.; Kawahara, Takuji; Waines, J. G.; Dvořák, Jan

doi:10.1007/s00122-006-0474-0

Cited by 204 publications

(208 citation statements)

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“…Strong evidence exists to suggest that domesticated emmer (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum) originated from the northern sub-population of wild emmer (Luo et al 2007). Therefore, it is not surprising that all 57 accessions of domesticated emmer screened in this study carry the Fr-B2 wild type allele without any CBF deletion (Table 2).…”

Section: Distribution Of the Fr-b2 Deletionsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…dicoccoides)-The progenitor of domesticated durum wheat, wild emmer, can be divided into two distinct sub-populations within the Fertile Crescent; a northern sub-population arising from the area surrounding Iraq, Iran and Turkey and a southern sub-population centered on Syria, Lebanon and Israel (Luo et al 2007). We screened 30 wild emmer varieties and identified six which carried the deletion of nine CBF genes at the Fr-B2 locus, while 14 lines carried the wild type allele without the deletion (Table 2).…”

Section: Distribution Of Fr-b2 Deletions Among Tetraploid Wheat Populmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Domesticated emmer (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum)-Current evidence suggests that the most likely site for the initial domestication of emmer wheat was the northern subpopulation of wild emmer, which was followed by its transfer to southern sub-populations (Luo et al 2007). We screened 57 varieties of domesticated emmer from sources including Georgia, Iran, Turkey, Ethiopia and India but found no lines carrying any deletion within the Fr-B2 locus (Table 2).…”

Section: Distribution Of Fr-b2 Deletions Among Tetraploid Wheat Populmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large deletions in the CBF gene cluster at the Fr-B2 locus are associated with reduced frost tolerance in wheat

et al. 2013

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Wheat plants which are exposed to periods of low temperatures (cold acclimation) exhibit increased survival rates when they are subsequently exposed to freezing temperatures. This process is associated with large-scale changes in the transcriptome which are modulated by a set of tandemly duplicated CBF (C-repeat Binding Factor) transcription factors located at the Fr-2 (Frost Resistance-2) locus. While Arabidopsis has three tandemly duplicated CBF genes, the CBF family in wheat has undergone an expansion and at least 15 CBF genes have been identified, eleven of which are present at the Fr-2 loci on homoeologous group 5 chromosomes. We report here the discovery of three large deletions which eliminate six, nine, and all eleven CBF genes from the Fr-B2 locus in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. In wild emmer wheat, the Fr-B2 deletions were found only among the accessions from the southern sub-populations. Among cultivated wheats, the Fr-B2 deletions were more common among varieties with a spring growth habit than among those with a winter growth habit. Replicated freezing tolerance experiments showed that both the deletion of nine CBF genes in tetraploid wheat and the complete Fr-B2 deletion in hexaploid wheat are associated with significant reductions in survival after exposure to freezing temperatures. Our results suggest that selection for the wild type Fr-B2 allele may be beneficial for breeders selecting for varieties with improved frost tolerance.

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Section: Distribution Of the Fr-b2 Deletionsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Distribution Of Fr-b2 Deletions Among Tetraploid Wheat Populmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution Of Fr-b2 Deletions Among Tetraploid Wheat Populmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large deletions in the CBF gene cluster at the Fr-B2 locus are associated with reduced frost tolerance in wheat

et al. 2013

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“…Also, knowing the genetic structure of wild relatives of domesticated species is essential to generate basic information about the sites of domestication of crops, because, in combination with archeological and historical evidence, it can provide insight into the geographic and temporal details of domestication to reveal where, when, and how many times a crop was domesticated (Luo et al 2007, Kwak & Gepts 2009, Meyer et al 2012.…”

Section: K Pedro Jesús Ruiz-gil Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation and genetic diversity of Phaseolus lunatus wild populations from Chiapas, Mexico, and their genetic relationships with MI and MII groups

et al. 2016

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Background: Understanding the genetic structure of wild relatives of domesticated species is crucial for its conservation and to elucidate the sites of crop domestication. Lima bean is one of the five domesticated Phaseolus species and Mexico is one of its centers of domestication. Recent studies showed the existence of two wild gene pools (MI and MII) of this species in Mexico and suggested that their genetic divergence occurred in southeast Mexico. Question: Did MI and MII groups diverged around the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico? Studied species: Lima bean: Neotropical plant species, herbaceous, with an annual/short life cycle and with autogamous tendency. Study site and years of study: Seven wild populations were collected in 2012 in the State of Chiapas, México, area underrepresented in previous studies. Methods: Genetic diversity and grouping patterns of collected populations and their relationship to MI and MII groups were analyzed at eight microsatellite loci. Results: High genetic structure (F ST : 0.42 to 0.96) and a high level of genetic diversity (H E = 0.48) were found. The analyses, and presence of admixed populations in MI and MII, suggested that the genetic divergence of these groups is an ongoing process centered around the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that MI and MII groups diverged around the Isthmus of Tehuantepec; however, sampling should be increased both at population and genomic levels, to determine the precise organization of the genetic diversity of wild P. lunatus from Mexico. Keywords: Genetic diversity, Genetic resources, Lima bean, Microsatelites, SSR markers, Wild relatives. Diversidad y diferenciación genética de las poblaciones silvestres de Phaseolus lunatus de Chiapas, México, y sus relaciones genéticas con los grupos MI y MII ResumenAntecedentes: Entender la estructura genética de los parientes silvestres de las especies domesticadas es crucial para su conservación y para elucidar los sitios de domesticación de los cultivos. El frijol Lima es una de las cinco especies domesticadas del género Phaseolus y México es uno de sus centros de domesticación. Estudios recientes señalaron dos acervos genéticos silvestres (MI y MII) en México y sugirieron que su divergencia ocurrió en el sureste de México. Pregunta: ¿Los grupos silvestres MI y MII divergieron alrededor del Istmo de Tehuantepec, México? Especie en estudio: El frijol Lima es una especie Neotropical, herbácea, con ciclo de vida anual/corto y tendencia autógama. Sitio y años de estudio: Siete poblaciones silvestres fueron colectadas en 2012 en el Estado de Chiapas, México, área que fue subrepresentada en estudios previos. Métodos: Se analizó la diversidad genética y los patrones de agrupamiento de las poblaciones colectadas y su relación con los grupos MI and MII, usando ocho loci de microsatélites. Resultados: Se encontró una estructura genética alta (F ST : 0.42 a 0.96) y niveles altos de diversidad gené-tica (H E = 0.48). Los análisis y la presencia de poblaciones mezclada...

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“…New information is also emerging for einkorn, the crop whose AFLP analysis established the predominance of the single-origin paradigm, resequencing of 18 loci in 321 wild and 92 domesticated lines revealing a complex relationship between the cultivated and wild versions of the plant, indicative of a multitude of independent domestication events [37]. Similarly, with tetraploid wheat there is debate about the interpretation of the AFLP data [38] and whether these, and more recent data on chloroplast haplotypes [39] and restriction fragment length polymorphisms [40], indicate that there were at least two domestications.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complex origins of domesticated crops in the Fertile Crescent

Brown

Jones

Powell

et al. 2009

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

267

159

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A combination of genetics and archaeology is revealing the complexity of the relationships between crop plants and their wild ancestors. Archaeobotanical studies are showing that acquisition of the full set of traits observed in domesticated cereals was a protracted process, intermediate stages being seen at early farming sites throughout the Fertile Crescent. New genetic data are confirming the multiregional nature of cereal domestication, correcting a previous view that each crop was domesticated by a rapid, unique and geographically localised process. Here we review the evidence that has prompted this reevaluation of the origins of domesticated crops in the Fertile Crescent and highlight the impact that this new multiregional model is having on modern breeding programmes.The importance of agriculture The beginning of agriculture around 10 000 years ago has repeatedly been seen as the major transition in the human past, a changeover from the natural environment in control of humans, to humans in control of the natural environment. Before agriculture, humans were hunter-gatherers, dependent on wild resources for their nutritional requirements, which led to a largely nomadic lifestyle dictated by the annual cycle of animal and plant availability. The cultivation of plants and the husbandry of animals enabled humans to exert a measure of control over their food resources, protecting them from climatic and environmental uncertainty. As a result of further stabilisation and increase in the food supply, populations grew rapidly and the need for all members of a community to devote themselves to food procurement declined, leading to stratified societies and the elaborate civilisations and world systems of the historic period. Our present-day dependence on agriculture needs no emphasis: without it the world would support only a fraction of the current human population.As such a key episode, it is no surprise that a diversity of research approaches has been applied to the study of agricultural origins. For archaeologists, agriculture is a central component in the cultural changes associated with the beginning of the Neolithic (see Glossary), with much of the recent focus on placing the domestication of plants in its correct context within the package of changes originally described by Gordon Childe as a 'revolution' [1] but now viewed as a series of distinct episodes occurring at different places at different times. Implicit in this debate has been a recognition that the transition to agriculture is itself a multi-episode process that begins with gathering from the wild and ends with the cultivation of plants that have undergone the full suite of genetic and phenotypic changes that characterise the domesticated crop [2,3]. Anthropologists, ecologists and evolutionists have proposed various models for the role of humans in this multi-episode process, these ranging from a view of agriculture as one of the inspired human inventions of the past [4] to hypotheses that define domestication as the outcome of a natural coevolu...

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The structure of wild and domesticated emmer wheat populations, gene flow between them, and the site of emmer domestication

Cited by 204 publications

References 20 publications

Large deletions in the CBF gene cluster at the Fr-B2 locus are associated with reduced frost tolerance in wheat

Large deletions in the CBF gene cluster at the Fr-B2 locus are associated with reduced frost tolerance in wheat

Differentiation and genetic diversity of Phaseolus lunatus wild populations from Chiapas, Mexico, and their genetic relationships with MI and MII groups

The complex origins of domesticated crops in the Fertile Crescent

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