The Study of Anatomy and Fiber Banana Leaf as a Potensial Wrapping

Abstract

<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aims of this research were to study the leaf anatomy of <em>Musa brachycarpa</em>, <em>M. Paradisiacal normalis, M. sapientum</em> and<em> M. cavendishi</em> as well as the length, width, and thickness of the leaf and the number, diameter, and tensile strength of leaf fibers. Samples were collected in Dampit, Wajak and Batu, Malang. Indonesia. The criteria for leaf samples were that they were fresh, mature, and not torn. Microscope slides used for anatomical observations were prepared using a semi-permanent method. The Retting method was applied to extract the fibers, and fiber strength was measured using a tensile strength tester. One way Anova and the Duncan test were used to establish the mean and other parameters of the dependent variables (length-, width-, thick-leaf; number-, diameter-, and tensile strength of fiber). The T-test (independent sample) was used to determine the mean diameter of fiber in adaxial and abaxial sites. The results showed that <em>M. Brachycarpa</em> had the highest number of fiber cells, a wider diameter fiber, and more adaxial fiber cells than the abaxial site. The diameter of fibers was 5-6 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#956</span>m. <em>M. sapietum</em> had the longest and widest leaves and leaf thickness was highest in <em>M. Paradisiaca</em>. The tensile strength values ranged from 35 × 10^-4-48 × 10^-4 MPa. The tensile strength of the observed species did not differ significantly.</span

Morphology and Anatomy Characteristic of Pisang Awak (Musa paradisiaca cv. Awak) in West Kalimantan

“…In Pisang Awak, hypodermis layer was found at the adaxial and abaxial site, two layers in adaxial and one layer in abaxial (Figure 2A). The two layers of hypodermal were found in M. paradisiacal cv Kluthuk susu (Sumardi & Wulandari, 2010) and M. paradisiaca cv Kepok (Harijati et al, 2013). The three layers of hypodermal were found in M. branchyacarpa, M. sapietum and M. cavendish (Harijati et al, 2013).…”

“…The two layers of hypodermal were found in M. paradisiacal cv Kluthuk susu (Sumardi & Wulandari, 2010) and M. paradisiaca cv Kepok (Harijati et al, 2013). The three layers of hypodermal were found in M. branchyacarpa, M. sapietum and M. cavendish (Harijati et al, 2013). The one layer of hypodermis was found in Pisang Penjalin and not found in M. balbisiana cv Kluthuk warangan, M. acuminate cv Ambon warangan, M. paradisiacal cv Raja nangka (Sumardi & Wulandari, 2010).…”

“…In Pisang Awak, two palisade layers were found and had dense arrangement (Figure 2A). The two palisade layers were found in M. branchyacarpa and M. sapietum (Harijati et al, 2013). Spongy tissue of Pisang Awak was formed irregularly shaped cells, which fused together produced an aerenchyma.…”

“…The aerenchyma of Pisang Awak was located between two vascular bundles ( Figure 2A). This condition also found in Penjalin, Kluthuk warangan, Ambon warangan, Raja nangka and Kluthuk susu (Sumardi & Wulandari, 2010), M. branchyacarpa, M. sapietum, M. paradisiaca cv Kepok and M. cavendish (Harijati et al, 2013) and general condition in banana leaf (Tomlison, 1969).…”

“…In Heliconia angusta and Heliconia velloziana, the uniseriate abaxial hypodermis shows cells smaller than the adaxial one (Simão & Scatena, 2001). The hypodermis layer only occurred at the adaxial site in M. paradisiaca cv Kepok, M. branchyacarpa, M. sapietum and M. cavendish (Harijati et al, 2013). Hypodermis layers in the leaf can use as taxonomic evidence in plant.…”