The aims of this research were to study the leaf anatomy of Musa brachycarpa, M. Paradisiacal normalis, M. sapientum and M. cavendishi as well as the length, width, and thickness of the leaf and the number, diameter, and tensile strength of leaf fibers. Samples were collected in Dampit, Wajak and Batu, Malang. Indonesia. The criteria for leaf samples were that they were fresh, mature, and not torn. Microscope slides used for anatomical observations were prepared using a semi-permanent method. The Retting method was applied to extract the fibers, and fiber strength was measured using a tensile strength tester. One way Anova and the Duncan test were used to establish the mean and other parameters of the dependent variables (length-, width-, thick-leaf; number-, diameter-, and tensile strength of fiber). The T-test (independent sample) was used to determine the mean diameter of fiber in adaxial and abaxial sites. The results showed that M. Brachycarpa had the highest number of fiber cells, a wider diameter fiber, and more adaxial fiber cells than the abaxial site. The diameter of fibers was 5-6 μm. M. sapietum had the longest and widest leaves and leaf thickness was highest in M. Paradisiaca. The tensile strength values ranged from 35 × 10^-4-48 × 10^-4 MPa. The tensile strength of the observed species did not differ significantly.

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Annonaceae species of Purwodadi Botanic Garden collections from East Java encountered problems in species identification based on morphological characters. In addition, the unavailability of molecular data to support identification based on morphological characters hinders accurate identification of species. The aim of this research is to discern phylogenetic of Annonaceae species from East Java collections of Purwodadi Botanic Garden based on coding and non-coding sequence DNA. Annonaceae species used in this study are 30 species, includes outgroup from family of Magnoliaceae. Materials for DNA analysis were young leaves which were processed through DNA extraction, DNA amplification through PCR technique, DNA sequencing and data analysis with Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Neighbour-Joining (NJ) method analysis. The results show that phylogenetic tree is divided into two subfamilies, i.e. Annonoideae and Malmeoideae. The topology of phylogenetic tree from three DNA molecular marker shows that non-coding sequence DNA (trnL-F molecular marker) has the best grouping of relationship and be able to explain the relationship between species of Annonaceae than rbcL and matK molecular marker as coding sequence DNA. Bootstrap value of trnL-F tree is very weak to high (36-100%) while rbcL is very weak to weak (17-63%) and matK tree is high (98-99%).

Abstract. Lestari DA, Azrianingsih R, Hendrian H. 2017. Taxonomical position of Annonaceae species from East Java, Indonesia: collections of Purwodadi Botanic Garden based on morphological character. Biodiversitas 18: 1067Biodiversitas 18: -1076. Morphological characters are one of the most consistent of taxonomical markers are used in Annonaceae today. One of the plants collections from Annonaceae species which came from East Java and conserved in Purwodadi Botanic Garden-Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Purwodadi, and East Java has some problems in morphological characters. It has some problems that causing the taxonomical position of these species are not clear, i.e. presence of unidentified plant until level species. The aim of this study is to classify and identify of species that have not been identified in order to taxonomical position be clearly. Material samples are used Annonaceae collection from East Java and Magnoliaceae as out-group. Samples of these plants were observed qualitatively and quantitatively through morphological characters were analyzed using cluster analysis and then synapomorphy, autapomorphy and apomorphy character analysis to identify and to determine the taxonomical position. The results showed that there are 4 tribes and two sub-families in the dendrogram. Tribe includes Miliuseae, Xylopiae, Annoneae and Uvariae, as well as sub-family of Malmeoideae and Annonoideae. Sub-family distinguished by inner petal and habit, sub-family of Malmeoideae has connate inner petals and trees habit, sub-family of Annonoideae has free inner petal and woody climber habit, some of the trees. Species are unidentified suspected as a different species based on the proximity of group formed. There are five plant species that have not been identified to the species level. These species can be recommended the taxonomical position and proposed of species name through dendrogram with the name of the specimen. Specimen 1 is predicted to have close relations with Annona muricata, specimen 2 is predicted to have close relations with Miliusa macropoda, specimen 3 is predicted to have close relations with Artabotrys uncinatus and identified as Uvaria micrantha, specimen 4 is predicted to have close relations with Fissistigma latifolium and specimen 5 is predicted to have close relations with Saccopetalum horsfieldii, because these species are in one group.