“…The filling materials of gob side entry retaining mainly include concrete block, gangue, coal gangue concrete, paste material, and high water material Sun et al, 2020;Vadapalli, et al, 2012). Among them, the high water materials have the advantages of high strength and controllable setting time, which is widely used in coal mines (Bai et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2015;Doherty et al, 2015;Altunbas et al, 2017).…”