The study of flow by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance. I. Measurement of flow rates in the presence of a stationary phase using a difference method

Hemminga, M.A.; Jager, P.A. de; Sonneveld, Arie

doi:10.1016/0022-2364(77)90001-4

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the presence of a slice-selective, spin-echo pulse sequence, the flow results in very rapid apparent longitudinal and transverse relaxation (13)(14)(15)(16) of extracellular water in the slice of interest. The flow-driven influx (washin) of equilibrium-state spins quickly returns extracellular water in the slice to full (equilibrium) longitudinal polarization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular water‐specific MR of microbead‐adherent cells: the HeLa cell intracellular water exchange lifetime

et al. 2008

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Quantitative characterization of the intracellular water 1 H magnetic resonance (MR) signal from cultured cells will provide critical biophysical insight into the MR signal from tissues in vivo. Microbeads provide a robust immobilization substrate for the many mammalian cell lines that adhere to surfaces and also provide sufficient cell density for observation of the intracellular water MR signal. However, selective observation of the intracellular water MR signal from perfused, microbead-adherent mammalian cells requires highly effective suppression of the extracellular water MR signal. We describe herein how high velocity perfusion of microbead-adherent cells results in short apparent 1 H MR longitudinal and transverse relaxation times for the extracellular water in a thin slice selected orthogonal to the direction of flow. When combined with a spin echo pulse sequence, this phenomenon provides highly effective suppression of the extracellular water MR signal. This new method is exploited herein to quantify the kinetics of water exchange from the intracellular to extracellular spaces for HeLa cells. The time constant describing water exchange from intracellular to extracellular spaces, also known as the exchange lifetime for intracellular water, is 119 ± 14 ms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular water‐specific MR of microbead‐adherent cells: the HeLa cell intracellular water exchange lifetime

et al. 2008

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“…Ϫ1 (12). They attributed this discrepancy (with both of the above interpretations) to an inhomogeneous B 1 field, which had a particularly important effect on their transverse relaxation measurement.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…First, the slice thickness profile may not be perfect (29). Second, the B 1 field may not be homogenous (12,13). Third, the flow pattern is never perfectly defined (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Flow Relaxography to Elucidate Flow Relaxivity

Lee

Sammi

et al. 1999

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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“…Phase cycling of the soft 90" pulse by 180" between the two signal averages per phase encode was also performed in this sequence. This minor modification of the CPMG sequence serves to reduce the effects of imperfect 180" pulses (26). To minimize missettings of the RF flip angles, the stimulated-echo method proposed by Perman et al (27) was used to set the RF levels of both the 90 and 180" pulses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CPMG imaging sequences for high field in vivo transverse relaxation studies

Mulkern

Wong

Jakab

et al. 1990

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Two-dimensional Fourier transform Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) imaging sequences were implemented on 1.9-T and 1.5-T imaging systems in order to test their ability to characterize in vivo transverse decay curves (TDCs). Both hard- and soft-pulse CPMG imaging sequences, consisting of up to 128 echoes with echo spacings of approximately 10 ms were developed, implemented, and tested. These sequences provide one of the most detailed samplings of TDCs from image data sets reported to date. Good agreement between image-extracted T2 values and spectroscopically obtained T2 values of NiCl2-doped saline solutions was found with both hard- and soft-pulse sequences. In vivo TDCs were extracted from rabbit and human image data sets. For several tissues, biexponential TDC fits provided considerable improvement over monoexponential fits and the sensitivity of the fitting parameters to positive baseline offsets was examined. With the time coverage of the relaxation decay curves available from these sequences, the TDCs from white matter in humans appear largely monoexponential while those from cortical grey matter demonstrate biexponential behavior.

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The study of flow by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance. I. Measurement of flow rates in the presence of a stationary phase using a difference method

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Intracellular water‐specific MR of microbead‐adherent cells: the HeLa cell intracellular water exchange lifetime

Intracellular water‐specific MR of microbead‐adherent cells: the HeLa cell intracellular water exchange lifetime

Using Flow Relaxography to Elucidate Flow Relaxivity

CPMG imaging sequences for high field in vivo transverse relaxation studies

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