The Study of Serum Lead Level in Children With ADHD Referring to Psychiatric Clinic of Baharan Hospital, Zahedan, Southeastern Iran

Moghaddam, Mahboube Firouzkouhi; Rakhshani, Tayebeh; Kashfi, Seyyed Mansour

doi:10.17795/intjsh-28040

Int J School Health

2015

DOI: 10.17795/intjsh-28040

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The Study of Serum Lead Level in Children With ADHD Referring to Psychiatric Clinic of Baharan Hospital, Zahedan, Southeastern Iran

Mahboube Firouzkouhi Moghaddam¹,

Tayebeh Rakhshani²,

Seyyed Mansour Kashfi³

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Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

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Exploring the link between toxic metal exposure and ADHD: a systematic review of pb and hg

Farmani,

Mehrpour,

Kooshki

et al. 2024

J Neurodevelop Disord

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Introduction Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a recognized neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex, multifactorial origin. Lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) are highly toxic substances that can potentially impair brain development and have been implicated in the development of ADHD. This systematic review aims to analyze the epidemiological literature regarding the association between Pb and Hg exposure and the diagnosis of ADHD. Methods From November 1983 to June 2, 2023, a comprehensive search was conducted in multiple databases and search engines, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Observational studies (case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional) measuring Pb and Hg levels in various biological samples (blood, hair, urine, nail, saliva, teeth, and bone) of children with ADHD or their parents and their association with ADHD symptoms were included. Results Out of 2059 studies, 87 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Approximately two-thirds of the 74 studies investigating Pb levels in different biological samples reported associations with at least one subtype of ADHD. However, most studies examining Hg levels in various biological samples found no significant association with any ADHD subtype, although there were variations in exposure periods and diagnostic criteria. Conclusion The evidence gathered from the included studies supports an association between Pb exposure and the diagnosis of ADHD, while no significant association was found with Hg exposure. Importantly, even low levels of Pb were found to elevate the risk of ADHD. Further research is needed to explore the comprehensive range of risk factors for ADHD in children, considering its significance as a neurodevelopmental disorder.

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Exploring the link between toxic metal exposure and ADHD: a systematic review of pb and hg

Farmani,

Mehrpour,

Kooshki

et al. 2024

J Neurodevelop Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Searching the Blood Lead Level in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case-control Study in Tehran, Iran

Vafaee-Shahi¹,

Noorbakhsh²,

Shirazi³

et al. 2022

TOPHJ

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Background and Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioral problem in children. Identifying the associated risk factors of ADHD is very important for the prognosis and early diagnosis of the disease. Here, we evaluated the association between lead exposure and growth indexes in children with ADHD. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 30 children with ADHD and 50 healthy subjects. The patient’s age was between 5-12 years. Demographic and clinical information of children were recorded. Blood lead levels were measured in all samples by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: Children with ADHD had significantly higher mean BMI than the control group (16.54 ± 2.8 kg/m2 vs. 14.82 ± 1.68 kg/m2; p=0.001). The mean of blood lead in children with ADHD was significantly higher than the normal group (10.58 ± 8.06 μg/dl vs. 7.52 ± 2.26 μg/dl; p=0.01). Multiple logistic analysis revealed one unit increase in BMI was associated with a higher risk of ADHD by 1.5 times (P=0.005; OR = 1.50), while one unit increase in blood lead level increased the risk of ADHD by 1.15 times (P=0.03, OR=1.15). Conclusion: Higher BMI and blood lead concentration are risk factors for ADHD among Iranian children.

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The Study of Serum Lead Level in Children With ADHD Referring to Psychiatric Clinic of Baharan Hospital, Zahedan, Southeastern Iran

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

Exploring the link between toxic metal exposure and ADHD: a systematic review of pb and hg

Exploring the link between toxic metal exposure and ADHD: a systematic review of pb and hg

Searching the Blood Lead Level in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case-control Study in Tehran, Iran

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