The Study of Youth Resilience Across Cultures: Lessons from a Pilot Study of Measurement Development

Moderating Effects of Resilience, Self-Esteem and Social Support on Adolescents’ Reactions to Violence

“…Resilience was measured with the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM; Ungar et al, 2008)-a 28-item measure that has been used with children/ youth from ages 12-23 years. Examples of sample items from both individual and contextual domains are as follows: "Do you strive to finish what you start?"…”

“…It is expected that communities should be able to negotiate for the resources required by its members (e.g. education, economic security, cultural traditions and housing) while individuals should be able to navigate their way to the resources (Ungar, 2008). Thus, some researchers now explain resilience as a dual process of navigation and negotiation (Luthar, 2003;Ungar, 2005;Zahradnik et al, 2010) rather than as a fixed attribute of individuals alone.…”

How Should We Measure Psychological Resilience in Sport Performers?

“…The third issue with measuring protective factors is that the qualities assessed are specific to the context in which they arise and cannot be easily generalized to other populations (Davydov et al, 2010;Ungar et al, 2008). For example, the Suicide Resilience Inventory-25 (SRI-25; Osman et al, 2004) assesses characteristics that dissuade individuals from considering suicide as an option.…”

Resilience in sport: The development of a resilience program for young athletes

“…Following on from this research, resilience became a term that was used in research examining positive adaption with no common agreement on what resilience actually was (Campbell-Sills, Cohan et al, 2006;Luther et al, 2000;Ungar et al, 2008). For example, in some research resilience was defined as an individual thriving within the context of societal norms, without consideration of environment, resources, community, or culture (Ungar, 2005(Ungar, , 2007(Ungar, , 2013; but in other research resilience was defined as positive adaption in the presence of chronic stressors, such as pain or mood disorders (Friborg et al, 2006;Karoly & Ruehlman, 2006).…”

“…Conceptually, the main body of research moved away from a one-dimensional approach that looked at individual factors (Benetti & Kambouropoulos, 2006;Campbell-Sills, Cohen et al, 2006;Masten et al, 1999;Mistry, McCarthy, Yancey, Lu, & Patel, 2009;Tamminen & Neely, 2016), or a bi-dimensional approach that looked at individual and environmental interactions (Collishaw et al, 2007;Dumont & Provost, 1999;Herrenkohl, 2013;Pietrzak et al, 2010;Pollard et al, 1999), to an interdependent, multisystemic, social-ecological theory that considered individual (i.e., intrinsic, social, relationships, developmental), cultural/community, and contextual factors (Cicchetti, 2013;Cicchetti & Blender, 2006;Cicchetti & Tucker, 1994;DuMont et al, 2007;Fraser & Pakenham, 2009;Luther et al, 2000;Olsson et al, 2003;Smokowski, Reynolds, & Bezruczko, 1999;Ungar, Ghazinour, & Richter, 2013;Ungar et al, 2008). Kia-Keating et al (2011) proposed that a multisystemic, social-ecological theory could be viewed as an integrative model of healthy development ( Figure 1).…”