The “Stuxnet” Virus of 2010 As an Example of A “APT” and Its “Recent” Variances

Al-Rabiaah, Sumayah

doi:10.1109/ncg.2018.8593143

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Experimental evaluation of the proposed model found very efficient in tracking ransomware attacks with high detection accuracy. Finally, the authors of [24] suggested a hybrid detection model combining classical auto-encoding (CAE) and variational auto-encoding (VAE) deep learning techniques to reduce data dimension and obtain a precise representation of the activities. The extracted features were combined to form a new vector used to train a deep neural network (DNN) classifier.…”

Section: Protocols Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virus, Trojan Horse, and Worms. An attacker could send malicious code to MTU after launching a MitM or Masquerade attack [24][25][26]. Malicious code can either allow unauthorized users to access the infected system and use it to launch other attacks on other infrastructure, or it could spread to the network and infect MSU/MTU, often causing unstable behavior or even total system collapse [27,28].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyber Threats to Industrial IoT: A Survey on Attacks and Countermeasures

Τσίκνας

Taketzis²,

Demertzis

et al. 2021

IoT

116

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In today’s Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environment, where different systems interact with the physical world, the state proposed by the Industry 4.0 standards can lead to escalating vulnerabilities, especially when these systems receive data streams from multiple intermediaries, requiring multilevel security approaches, in addition to link encryption. At the same time taking into account the heterogeneity of the systems included in the IIoT ecosystem and the non-institutionalized interoperability in terms of hardware and software, serious issues arise as to how to secure these systems. In this framework, given that the protection of industrial equipment is a requirement inextricably linked to technological developments and the use of the IoT, it is important to identify the major vulnerabilities and the associated risks and threats and to suggest the most appropriate countermeasures. In this context, this study provides a description of the attacks against IIoT systems, as well as a thorough analysis of the solutions for these attacks, as they have been proposed in the most recent literature.

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Section: Protocols Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber Threats to Industrial IoT: A Survey on Attacks and Countermeasures

Τσίκνας

Taketzis²,

Demertzis

et al. 2021

IoT

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stuxnet was the first known cyberattack on SCADA systems; it was used to gain knowledge about the operation of the system and then used to take control of devices in the network and cause their failure. After Stuxnet, several modifications of the worm have been identified: Duqu, Flame, or Gauss [53]. These variations of the original cyberattack were used to spy on industries, people, and banks.…”

Section: Security Threats In Substation Automation Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures in the Communications of the Smart Grid

Lázaro

Astarloa

Rodríguez³

et al. 2021

Electronics

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Since the 1990s, the digitalization process has transformed the communication infrastructure within the electrical grid: proprietary infrastructures and protocols have been replaced by the IEC 61850 approach, which realizes interoperability among vendors. Furthermore, the latest networking solutions merge operational technologies (OTs) and informational technology (IT) traffics in the same media, such as time-sensitive networking (TSN)—standard, interoperable, deterministic, and Ethernet-based. It merges OT and IT worlds by defining three basic traffic types: scheduled, best-effort, and reserved traffic. However, TSN demands security against potential new cyberattacks, primarily, to protect real-time critical messages. Consequently, security in the smart grid has turned into a hot topic under regulation, standardization, and business. This survey collects vulnerabilities of the communication in the smart grid and reveals security mechanisms introduced by international electrotechnical commission (IEC) 62351-6 and how to apply them to time-sensitive networking.

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“…Finally, the authors of [24] suggested a hybrid detection model combining classical auto-encoding (CAE) and variational auto-encoding (VAE) deep learning techniques to reduce data dimension and obtain a precise representation of the activities. The extracted features were combined to form a new vector used to train a deep neural network (DNN) classifier.…”

Section: Ransomware Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber Threats to Industrial IoT: A Survey on Attacks and Countermeasures

Τσίκνας¹,

Taketzis²,

Demertzis³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In today’s Industrial IoT (IIoT) environment, where different systems interact with the physical world, the state proposed by the Industry 4.0 standards can lead to escalating vulnerabilities, especially when these systems receive data streams from multiple intermediaries, requiring multilevel security approaches, in addition to link encryption. At the same time taking into account the heterogeneity of the systems included in the IIoT ecosystem and the non-institutionalized interoperability in terms of hardware and software, serious issues arise as to how to secure these systems. In this framework, given that the protection of industrial equipment is a requirement inextricably linked to technological developments and the use of the IoT, it is important to identify the major vulnerabilities, the associated risks and threats and to suggest the most appropriate countermeasures. In this context, this study provides a description of the attacks against IIoT systems, as well as a thorough analysis of the solutions against these attacks, as they have been proposed in the most recent literature.

show abstract

The “Stuxnet” Virus of 2010 As an Example of A “APT” and Its “Recent” Variances

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Cyber Threats to Industrial IoT: A Survey on Attacks and Countermeasures

Cyber Threats to Industrial IoT: A Survey on Attacks and Countermeasures

A Survey on Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures in the Communications of the Smart Grid

Cyber Threats to Industrial IoT: A Survey on Attacks and Countermeasures

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