The Subfornical Organ: A Central Target for Circulating Feeding Signals

Pulman, Katherine; Fry, Mark; Cottrell, G. Trevor; Ferguson, Alastair V.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3218-05.2006

Cited by 86 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…44 We have recently used dissociated cell techniques combined with patch-clamp recording to examine, at the singlecell level, the mechanisms through which amylin influences the excitability of SFO neurons. 21 Our studies confirm the earlier study of Reidiger et al 43 demonstrating clear depolarizing effects of amylin on SFO neurons, which were concentration dependent with a minimal effective concentration of 10 pM (Figure 2). Use of the whole-cell patch-clamp technique also permits the evaluation of ion channels potentially modulated by satiety signals and, in the case of amylin, we have obtained data suggesting that at least a component of amylin's effects on SFO neurons is the result of the inhibition of a potassium conductance.…”

Section: Amylin and Ghrelinsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These effects of ghrelin on SFO neurons appear to be mediated by the activation of a non-selective cationic conductance (that is, a different channel target to that observed for amylin). 21 Interestingly, however, our data for amylin and ghrelin in the SFO showed similar depolarizing effects of two satiety signals that exert opposite effects on food intake. We therefore conducted additional experiments to examine whether amylin and ghrelin influence similar or different populations of SFO neurons by testing each neuron with both signaling molecules.…”

Section: Amylin and Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…15,16 The CVOs also have dense aggregations of a variety of different peptidergic receptors. [17][18][19][20][21][22] In the remainder of this paper, we will highlight recent evidence examining a number of different satiety signals and their effects on central metabolic control as a result of potential direct actions on neurons within two of these CVOs; the subfornical organ (SFO) and the area postrema (AP).…”

Section: Access Of Circulating Peptides To the Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use of the whole-cell patch-clamp technique also permits the evaluation of ion channels potentially modulated by satiety signals and, in the case of amylin, we have obtained data suggesting that at least a component of amylin's effects on SFO neurons is the result of the inhibition of a potassium conductance. 21 Ghrelin is another important satiety signal that has recently been shown to have potent appetite-stimulating effects. Ghrelin release from the gut is tightly correlated with meal initiation.…”

Section: Amylin and Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these studies, we first established the presence of mRNA for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghrelin's endogenous receptor) in the SFO using molecular techniques. 21 We then examined the effects of bath administration of ghrelin on dissociated SFO neurons and were able to show that ghrelin had excitatory effects on SFO neurons with a minimal effective concentration of 1 nM. These effects of ghrelin on SFO neurons appear to be mediated by the activation of a non-selective cationic conductance (that is, a different channel target to that observed for amylin).…”

Section: Amylin and Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastrointestinal hormone actions in the central regulation of energy metabolism: potential sensory roles for the circumventricular organs

2009

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A variety of circulating signals provide essential information to the central nervous system (CNS) regarding nutritional status. The gastrointestinal system produces many such molecules that are now known to have profound effects on feeding behavior and the control of metabolism as a consequence of their ability to regulate the neural circuitry involved in metabolic homeostasis. Although many of these substances have been suggested to directly access such brain centers, their lipophobic characteristics suggest that alternative mechanisms should be considered. In this paper, we consider one such alternative, namely, that a specialized group of CNS structures collectively known as the sensory circumventricular organs (CVOs), which are not protected by the normal blood-brain barrier, may play important roles in such blood to brain communications. Specifically, we review a developing literature that shows receptors for, and functional actions of, gastrointestinal hormones such as amylin, cholecystokinin, ghrelin and peptide YY in the area postrema and subfornical organ. Collectively, these observations suggest potentially significant roles for the sensory CVOs in the regulation of energy balance.

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Section: Amylin and Ghrelinsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Amylin and Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Access Of Circulating Peptides To the Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Amylin and Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Amylin and Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Gastrointestinal hormone actions in the central regulation of energy metabolism: potential sensory roles for the circumventricular organs

2009

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Hunger and thirst interact to regulate ingestive behavior in flies and mammals

Jourjine

2017

BioEssays

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In animals, nervous systems regulate the ingestion of food and water in a manner that reflects internal metabolic need. While the coordination of these two ingestive behaviors is essential for homeostasis, it has been unclear how internal signals of hunger and thirst interact to effectively coordinate food and water ingestion. In the last year, work in insects and mammals has begun to elucidate some of these interactions. As reviewed here, these studies have identified novel molecular and neural mechanisms that coordinate the regulation of food and water ingestion behaviors. These mechanisms include peptide signals that modulate neural circuits for both thirst and hunger, neurons that regulate both food and water ingestion, and neurons that integrate sensory information about both food and water in the external world. These studies argue that a deeper understanding of hunger and thirst will require closer examination of how these two biological drives interact.

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Neurophysiology of hunger and satiety

Smith

Ferguson

2008

Dev Disabil Res Revs

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Hunger is defined as a strong desire or need for food while satiety is the condition of being full or gratified. The maintenance of energy homeostasis requires a balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The regulation of food intake is a complex behavior. It requires discrete nuclei within the central nervous system (CNS) to detect signals from the periphery regarding metabolic status, process and integrate this information in a coordinated manner and to provide appropriate responses to ensure that the individual does not enter a state of positive or negative energy balance. This review of hunger and satiety will examine the CNS circuitries involved in the control of energy homeostasis as well as signals from the periphery, both hormonal and neural, that convey pertinent information regarding short-term and long-term energy status of the individual.

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The Subfornical Organ: A Central Target for Circulating Feeding Signals

Cited by 86 publications

References 73 publications

Gastrointestinal hormone actions in the central regulation of energy metabolism: potential sensory roles for the circumventricular organs

Gastrointestinal hormone actions in the central regulation of energy metabolism: potential sensory roles for the circumventricular organs

Hunger and thirst interact to regulate ingestive behavior in flies and mammals

Neurophysiology of hunger and satiety

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