Neurophysiology of hunger and satiety

Smith, Pauline; Ferguson, Alastair V.

doi:10.1002/ddrr.13

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) also contains neurons that express ObRb and have numerous projections from neurons in the ARC that contribute to the regulation of food intake and weight [5; 216; 231]. Compared to mice that do not express MC4R, mice with selective MC4R expression in the PVN are significantly less hyperphagic and obese [10].…”

Section: The Role Of Leptin In Human Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin in human physiology and therapeutics

Dardeno

Chou

Moon

et al. 2010

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

247

198

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Leptin regulates energy homeostasis and reproductive, neuroendocrine, immune, and metabolic functions. In this review, we describe the role of leptin in human physiology and review evidence from recent “proof of concept” clinical trials using recombinant human leptin in subjects with congenital leptin deficiency, hypoleptinemia associated with energy-deficient states, and hyperleptinemia associated with garden-variety obesity. Since most obese individuals are largely leptin-tolerant or -resistant, therapeutic uses of leptin are currently limited to patients with complete or partial leptin deficiency, including hypothalamic amenorrhea and lipoatrophy. Leptin administration in these energy-deficient states may help restore associated neuroendocrine, metabolic, and immune function and bone metabolism. Leptin treatment is currently available for individuals with congenital leptin deficiency and congenital lipoatrophy. The long-term efficacy and safety of leptin treatment in hypothalamic amenorrhea and acquired lipoatrophy are currently under investigation. Whether combination therapy with leptin and potential leptin sensitizers will prove effective in the treatment of garden-variety obesity and whether leptin may have a role in weight loss maintenance is being greatly anticipated.

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Section: The Role Of Leptin In Human Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin in human physiology and therapeutics

Dardeno

Chou

Moon

et al. 2010

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

247

198

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2002, Ellacott & Cone 2004). The expression of appetite-related genes is regulated by a number of endocrine substances, which including leptin, acyl-ghrelin, complement C3 (C3), cholecystokinin (CCK), galanin, hypocretin, and peptide YY (PYY) (Smith & Ferguson 2008, Ricklin et al . 2010, Parker & Bloom 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in mRNA expression of arcuate nucleus appetite-regulating peptides during lactation in rats

Suzuki¹,

Nakahara²,

Maruyama³

et al. 2013

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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The contribution of hypothalamic appetite-regulating peptides to further hyperphagia accompanying the course of lactation in rats was investigated by using PCR array and real-time PCR. Furthermore, changes in the mRNA expression for appetite-regulating peptides in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) were analyzed at all stages of pregnancy and lactation, and also after weaning. Food intake was significantly higher during pregnancy, lactation, and after weaning than during non-lactation periods. During lactation, ARC expression of mRNAs for agouti-related protein (AgRP) and peptide YY was increased, whereas that of mRNAs for proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cholecystokinin (CCK) was decreased, in comparison with non-lactation periods. The increase in AgRP mRNA expression during lactation was especially marked. The plasma level of leptin was significantly decreased during the course of lactation, whereas that of acyl-ghrelin was unchanged. In addition, food intake was negatively correlated with the plasma leptin level during lactation. This study has clarified synchronous changes in the expression of many appetite-regulating peptides in ARC of rats during lactation. Our results suggest that hyperphagia during lactation in rats is caused by decreases in POMC and CCK expression and increases in AgRP expression in ARC, the latter being most notable. Together with the decrease in the blood leptin level, such changes in mRNA expression may explain the further hyperphagia accompanying the course of lactation.

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“…of hunger and satiety [16]. Furthermore, we recently showed that Adip-R1 and Adip-R2 are present in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) [17], suggesting a potential role for adiponectin in the central regulation of energy intake and expenditure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%