The Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Mood Disorders

Drevets, Wayne C.; Savitz, Jonathan; Trimble, Michael

doi:10.1017/s1092852900013754

Cited by 963 publications

(714 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…Numerous studies using event-related and resting-state fMRI designs point to alterations in ACC activity in depressed patients (26)(27)(28)(29). The first resting-state fMRI study with MDD patients revealed a hyperconnectivity between the subgenual ACC and the DMN, confirming previous PET studies, which found resting state overactivity in ACC in these patients (30).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Sleep deprivation increases dorsal nexus connectivity to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in humans

Bosch

Rihm

Scheidegger

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In many patients with major depressive disorder, sleep deprivation, or wake therapy, induces an immediate but often transient antidepressant response. It is known from brain imaging studies that changes in anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity correlate with a relief of depression symptoms. Recently, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that brain network connectivity via the dorsal nexus (DN), a cortical area in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, is dramatically increased in depressed patients. To investigate whether an alteration in DN connectivity could provide a biomarker of therapy response and to determine brain mechanisms of action underlying sleep deprivations antidepressant effects, we examined its influence on resting state default mode network and DN connectivity in healthy humans. Our findings show that sleep deprivation reduced functional connectivity between posterior cingulate cortex and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann area 32), and enhanced connectivity between DN and distinct areas in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 10). These findings are consistent with resolution of dysfunctional brain network connectivity changes observed in depression and suggest changes in prefrontal connectivity with the DN as a brain mechanism of antidepressant therapy action.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Sleep deprivation increases dorsal nexus connectivity to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in humans

Bosch

Rihm

Scheidegger

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Furthermore, OXT has been found to moderate ACC activity (Gorka et al, 2015;Scheele et al, 2014a), and the ACC is characterized by a high OXT receptor density (Boccia et al, 2013). More specifically, activation in this study was found in the subgenual ACC, which is especially involved in fear responses and shows abnormal activity in mood disorders (Drevets et al, 2008). Interestingly, this neural signature of the OXT IN effect was distinct from the conditioning-related cingulate cortex responses in the PLC group, which predominantly occurred in dorsal parts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Oxytocin Facilitates Pavlovian Fear Learning in Males

Eckstein

Scheele

Patin

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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In human evolution, social group living and Pavlovian fear conditioning have evolved as adaptive mechanisms promoting survival and reproductive success. The evolutionarily conserved hypothalamic peptide oxytocin is a key modulator of human sociality, but its effects on fear conditioning are still elusive. In the present randomized controlled study involving 97 healthy male subjects, we therefore employed functional magnetic resonance imaging and simultaneous skin conductance response (SCR) measures to characterize the modulatory influence of intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) on Pavlovian fear conditioning. We found that the peptide strengthened conditioning on both the behavioral and neural levels. Specifically, subjects exhibited faster task-related responses and enhanced SCRs to fear-associated stimuli in the late phase of conditioning, which was paralleled by heightened activity in cingulate cortex subregions in the absence of changes in amygdala function. This speaks against amygdalocentric views of oxytocin having pure anxiolytic-like effects. Instead, it suggests that the peptide enables extremely rapid and flexible adaptation to fear signals in social contexts, which may confer clear evolutionary advantages but could also elevate vulnerability for the pathological sequelae of interpersonal trauma.

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“…The current study indicates that already such a short and simple mindfulness instruction holds the potential of regulating emotion processing. The identified neural correlates of increased top-down prefrontal control over bottom-up emotion-generating processes are disrupted in psychiatric diseases such as depression (DeRubeis et al, 2008;Drevets et al, 2008). Thus, fostering mindfulness skills might hold the potential for strengthening emotion regulation and add support to the use of integrative approaches in psychotherapy that incorporate mindfulness practice (Segal et al, 2002;Hayes et al, 2004).…”

Section: Therapeutic Implications and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness and emotion regulation—an fMRI study

Lutz

Herwig

Opialla

et al. 2013

Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci

255

170

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Mindfulness an attentive non-judgmental focus on present experiences is increasingly incorporated in psychotherapeutic treatments as a skill fostering emotion regulation. Neurobiological mechanisms of actively induced emotion regulation are associated with prefrontally mediated downregulation of, for instance, the amygdala. We were interested in neurobiological correlates of a short mindfulness instruction during emotional arousal. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated effects of a short mindfulness intervention during the cued expectation and perception of negative and potentially negative pictures (50% probability) in 24 healthy individuals compared to 22 controls. The mindfulness intervention was associated with increased activations in prefrontal regions during the expectation of negative and potentially negative pictures compared to controls. During the perception of negative stimuli, reduced activation was identified in regions involved in emotion processing (amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus). Prefrontal and right insular activations when expecting negative pictures correlated negatively with trait mindfulness, suggesting that more mindful individuals required less regulatory resources to attenuate emotional arousal. Our findings suggest emotion regulatory effects of a short mindfulness intervention on a neurobiological level.

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The Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Mood Disorders

Cited by 963 publications

References 99 publications

Sleep deprivation increases dorsal nexus connectivity to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in humans

Sleep deprivation increases dorsal nexus connectivity to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in humans

Oxytocin Facilitates Pavlovian Fear Learning in Males

Mindfulness and emotion regulation—an fMRI study

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