“…The Taíno people, who first arrived in Jamaica in ~650 CE, used maize, a C4 plant, which may have contributed to the first gradual increase in δ 13 C (Santos et al 2013;Mickleburgh and Pagan-Jimenez 2012). Christopher Columbus subsequently introduced sugarcane, another C4 plant, to the Caribbean in the early 16 th century (Found and Berbés-Blázquez 2012), which would have contributed further to the rise in δ 13 C observed in the HOM core. Notably, there is a sugarcane plantation ~3 km north of HOM cave, thus foraging bats may consume insects supported by a C4-influenced diet.…”