The Supermassive Black Hole Masses of Reverberation-mapped Active Galactic Nuclei

Yu, Lam H.; Bian, Wei-Hao; Zhang, Xueguang; Zhao, Bi-Xuan; Wang, Chan; Ge, Xiaomei; Zhu, Bingqian; Chen, Yuqin

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb01e

Cited by 17 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…. Finally, we need an estimate of the virial factor, for which we take ⟨f ⟩ = 0.93 ± 0.09 (see Appendix B), obtained averaging several values from the literature (Mejía-Restrepo et al 2018, Collin et al 2006, Graham et al 2011, Ho & Kim 2014, Woo et al 2015, Williams et al 2018, Wang et al 2019, Yu et al 2020. The resulting average ratio between the observed and predicted gravitational redshift for the X-shooter quasars sample, ⟨z m g z p g ⟩ = 0.87 ± 0.12, at z = 1.55 is shown (light red open circle) in Figure 1 (see also Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The used value of the virial factor, f , has been calculated as the weighted mean of the estimates given in the following references (see Figure 4): Mejía-Restrepo et al ( 2018), Collin et al (2006), Graham et al (2011), Ho & Kim (2014, Woo et al (2015), Williams et al (2018), Wang et al (2019) and Yu et al (2020). (Notice that we use two values from Collin et al (2006), one of them based in the dependence with the FWHM).…”

Section: B Estimate Of the Average Virial Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing Einstein's Equivalence Principle and its Cosmological Evolution from Quasar Gravitational Redshifts

Mediavilla,

JimÉnez-Vicente

2021

Preprint

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We propose and apply a new test of Einstein's Equivalence Principle (EEP) based on the gravitational redshift induced by the central super massive black hole of quasars in the surrounding accretion disk. Specifically, we compare the observed gravitational redshift of the Fe IIIλλ2039-2113 emission line blend in quasars with the predicted values in a wide, uncharted, cosmic territory (0 ≲ z cosm ≲ 3). For the first time we measure, with statistical uncertainties comparable or better than those of other classical methods outside the Solar System, the ratio between the observed gravitational redshifts and the theoretical predictions in 10 independent cosmological redshift bins in the 1 ≲ z cosm ≲ 3 range. The average of the measured over predicted gravitational redshifts ratio in this cosmological redshift interval is ⟨z m g z p g ⟩ = 1.05 ± 0.06 with scatter 0.13 ± 0.05 showing no cosmological evolution of EEP within these limits. This method can benefit from larger samples of measurements with better S/N ratios, paving the way for high precision tests (below 1%) of EEP on cosmological scales.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Estimate Of the Average Virial Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Einstein's Equivalence Principle and its Cosmological Evolution from Quasar Gravitational Redshifts

Mediavilla,

JimÉnez-Vicente

2021

Preprint

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“…In order to investigate the relation between Fe II features and the accretion process, M BH is a key parameter needing to be determined. With effort over nearly two decades, the reverberation-mapping (RM) method with the Hβ spectral monitoring has been successfully applied for about 120 AGN (e.g., Blandford & McKee 1982;Peterson et al 2004;Du et al 2016a;Grier et al 2017;Yu et al 2020aYu et al , 2020bHu et al 2021). The RM method can measure the time lag between the line variation (e.g., Hβ, Mg II, C IV) and the corresponding continuum variation, and give the broad-line region (BLR) distance from the central SMBH (R BLR ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the RM AGN, ΔV is usually traced by four kinds of velocities, i.e., the broad Hβ FWHM or the line dispersion (σ Hβ ) measured from the mean/rms spectrum (e.g., Peterson et al 2004;Ho & Kim 2014;Yu et al 2020b). From Equation (1), f = M BH /(R BLR (ΔV ) 2 /G).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From Equation (1), f = M BH /(R BLR (ΔV ) 2 /G). For four kinds of velocities ΔV, the corresponding four kinds of virial factors f are defined, which are usually calibrated through the M BH − σ * relation (σ * is the bulge stellar velocity dispersion) or other independent methods to derive the SMBH masses (e.g., Onken et al 2004;Ho & Kim 2014;Yu et al 2020b). For several multiple RM AGN, it was found σ Hβ is better than FWHM Hβ used to calculate M BH with a constant factor f (Peterson et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relation between the Optical Fe ii Emission and the Dimensionless Accretion Rate for Active Galactic Nuclei

Liu

Bian

2022

ApJ

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It was suggested that the prominent feature of the optical Fe ii emission has a connection with the accretion process in active galactic nuclei (AGN). For a large sample of 4037 quasars (z < 0.8) with measured H β line dispersion (σ Hβ ) selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and 120 compiled reverberation-mapped (RM) AGN, we use σ Hβ and the extended R BLR(Hβ)−L 5100 relation to calculate supermassive black holes masses (M BH) from the single-epoch spectra for the SDSS subsample, and σ Hβ from the mean spectra for the RM subsample. We find a strong correlation between the relative optical Fe ii strength R Fe and the dimensionless accretion rate M ̇ for the SDSS subsample with the Spearman correlation coefficient r s of 0.727, which is consistent with that derived from the mean spectra for the RM subsample. The magnitude of velocity shift of the optical Fe ii emission has a strong anticorrelation with M ̇ , whenever there is inflow or outflow. These strong correlations show that the optical Fe ii emission has an intimate connection with the accretion process. Assuming that the difference of M BH is due to the variable virial factor f for adopting FWHM H β as the velocity tracer, we find that there is a relation between f and FWHM H β , log f = − ( 0.41 ± 0.002 ) logFWHM H β + ( 1.719 ± 0.009 ) for the single-epoch spectrum. The relation between log f and σ Hβ is not too strong, suggesting that σ Hβ does not seem to depend much on the broad-line region inclination and a constant σ-based f is suitable for σ Hβ as the velocity tracer.

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Chemical abundances along the quasar main sequence

Floris,

Marziani,

Panda

et al. 2024

A&A

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The main sequence of quasars has emerged as a powerful tool for organizing the observational and physical characteristics of type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the metallicity of the gas in the broad-line region, incorporating both new data and previously published findings, to assess the presence of any trend along the main sequence. We performed a multicomponent analysis on the strongest ultraviolet (UV) and optical emission lines for a sample of 13 radio quiet quasars in the $0.009 z 0.472$ redshift range, selected based on the availability of multiwavelength data. We employed UV and optical data obtained from the Hubble Space Telescope (mainly from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and Faint Object Spectrograph) and several ground-based observatories, respectively. We then measured ten diagnostic ratios and compared them with the prediction of CLOUDY photoionization simulations, identifying the closest photoionization solution to the data. Our investigation reveals a consistent pattern along the main sequence. We observe a systematic progression in metallicity, ranging from subsolar values to metallicity levels several times higher than solar values. These findings underscore the fundamental role of metallicity in correlating with the main sequence of quasars. Extreme metallicity values, at least several dozen times the solar metallicity, are confirmed in low-$z$ AGNs radiating at a high Eddington ratio, although the origin of the extreme enrichment remains open to debate.

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The Supermassive Black Hole Masses of Reverberation-mapped Active Galactic Nuclei

Cited by 17 publications

References 76 publications

Testing Einstein's Equivalence Principle and its Cosmological Evolution from Quasar Gravitational Redshifts

Testing Einstein's Equivalence Principle and its Cosmological Evolution from Quasar Gravitational Redshifts

The Relation between the Optical Fe ii Emission and the Dimensionless Accretion Rate for Active Galactic Nuclei

Chemical abundances along the quasar main sequence

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