The superposition of carbon and ruthenium auger spectra

Staden, M.J. van; Roux, J.P.

doi:10.1016/0169-4332(90)90082-b

Cited by 18 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…When assigning Auger peaks of sputter cleaned Ru films, we have checked all possible Ru peaks in the range of 200-274 eV. 12,24 Although the Ru MNN peaks situated at $201 and 231 eV are not interfering with different C KLL lines 14 (depending on chemical surroundings), 25 the strong Ru peak at $274 eV (Ref. 12) overlaps with the C KLL transition at $272 eV (Ref.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1(c)], while the carbide peak situated at $260 eV (Ref. 14) becomes apparent in the N(E) mode [ Fig. 1(a)].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1(a) appear as peaks at $201, 231, and 273 eV on a large background of inelastically scattered electrons, while these features are gradually terminated followed by the change in slope and appearance of a carbide peak at $260 eV (Ref. 14) with increasing eEUV exposure. In addition, a small peak at $514 eV in a sputter cleaned sample [ The spectrum recorded after sputter cleaning is marked by 0, while the spectra monitored after being exposed to eEUV for 1 min in each step are indicated by "1"-"11.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13 It should be remembered that similar to XPS signals, there could be overlapping of Auger peaks in multielement samples, as in the Ru/C system. [14][15][16] This will affect elemental sensitivity. However, less prominent but isolated peaks can be used for AES analysis in the case of Ru, 17 whereas this technique is very useful for precise analysis of C on target materials such as Rh, Au, etc., where the respective Auger peak position is well separated from C. In addition, by using a primary electron beam energy !2 keV, one can minimize the carbon deposition process via dissociation of adsorbed hydrocarbons 7 due to low secondary electron yield (d).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracking electron-induced carbon contamination and cleaning of Ru surfaces by Auger electron spectroscopy

Kanjilal¹,

Catalfano²,

Harilal³

et al. 2012

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation induced growth of carbon and oxygen desorption were investigated on a Ru surface by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) in the presence and absence of additional photoelectrons (PEs) from a focusing Ru mirror. A decrease in EUV reflectivity with carbon growth in the presence of additional PEs has been observed. Conversely, a carbonaceous Ru surface was cleaned in sequential AES, and discussed in terms of secondary electron assisted dissociation of residual hydrocarbons and water molecules, followed by a chemical reaction between adsorbed carbon and oxygen atoms. V

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1(c)], while the carbide peak situated at $260 eV (Ref. 14) becomes apparent in the N(E) mode [ Fig. 1(a)].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracking electron-induced carbon contamination and cleaning of Ru surfaces by Auger electron spectroscopy

Kanjilal¹,

Catalfano²,

Harilal³

et al. 2012

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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“…For the present system, however, the almost perfect overlap between the C 272 e V line and the main Ru line at 272 e V poses problems to a straightforward evaluation of the substrate signal. In order to get a measure for the graphite signal, we determined the Ru 273 eV Auger signal by multiplying the Ru 231 e V signal by 2.35 [ 17] and subtracting the result from the height of the main peak in the measured spectrum. The results are shown in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence for4dFerromagnetism in 2D Systems: Ru Monolayers on C(0001) Substrates

1995

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The first observation of 4d ferromagnetism in two-dimensional systems is reported. Using Auger electron spectroscopy, we find that the initial growth of Ru on a C(0001) substrate is lateral until a homogeneous monolayer film is formed. The magnetic properties of the films are studied using spin polarized secondary electron spectroscopy. For one monolayer Ru on C(OOOl), below a surface Curie temperature of approximately 250 K, nonzero in-plane spin polarization is observed and found to saturate in an applied field of a few tenths of an Oe. The results are discussed in the light of theoretical predictions.PACS numbers: 75.70. Ak, 75.30.Pd, 75.50.Cc, 79.20.Hx For the vast majority of elements, magnetism is found in isolated atoms, as shown by Hund's rules. In solids, however, the existence of spontaneous, long-range ferromagnetic order is restricted to only a few 3d-transition (Fe, Co, and Ni) and 4/ -rare-earth metals (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm). Electronic structure calculations using state-of-the-art methods now reveal the exciting perspective that more elements might be forced to conserve their atomic magnetism, if properly synthesized at the nanometer scale.One way to achieve this goal and retain magnetic moments is to grow a metal, which is paramagnetic in its bulk form, epitaxially on an adequate nonmagnetic substrate. Ferromagnetic order in such ultrathin films may be induced by the reduced coordination number and hence reduced interatomic hybridization, band-structure effects due to the restriction to two dimensions, and, compared to the bulk paramagnetic solid, an increased lattice constant imposed by pseudomorphic film growth. An alternate way to preserve magnetic moments is to form small clusters which could be magnetic due to the reduced coordination and high symmetry. This leads to degenerate electronic states, which is an important condition for magnetism.So far, theoretical work has focused on the study of 4d-transition metals. It is found that the elements at the very end of the 4d series are likely candidates to exhibit magnetism [1][2][3][4][5][6]. For small clusters, this prediction recently was confirmed by Cox, Louderbaek, and Bloomfield [7], who found that small Rh clusters consisting of a few tens of atoms show magnetic ordering of the 4d electrons; the clusters are superparamagnetic with large magnetic moments. As to thin films, calculations were performed for ultrathin films deposited on the noble metals Ag and Au [l-5], which interact only weakly with the deposited atoms due to the large energy separation of the d bands. In addition, the larger lattice constant of Ag and Au would, compared to the bulk lattice constant of these 4d metals, increase the lattice constant in the films in the case of a pseudomorphic growth. All authors come to the 0031-9007/95 /74(17)/3467(4)$06.00 conclusion that both Ru and Rh monolayers on Ag(001) or Au(001) possess a ferromagnetic ground state.Subsequent experiments have been done for Rh on Ag(001) as well as Rh and Pd on Au(001), but failed to find any...

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Surface segragation in the alloys Fe40Cr3Ru, Fe40Cr3Pt and Fe40Cr with a 1000 Å Pt Overlayer

Staden

Roux

1990

Applied Surface Science

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The superposition of carbon and ruthenium auger spectra

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Tracking electron-induced carbon contamination and cleaning of Ru surfaces by Auger electron spectroscopy

Tracking electron-induced carbon contamination and cleaning of Ru surfaces by Auger electron spectroscopy

Evidence for4dFerromagnetism in 2D Systems: Ru Monolayers on C(0001) Substrates

Surface segragation in the alloys Fe40Cr3Ru, Fe40Cr3Pt and Fe40Cr with a 1000 Å Pt Overlayer

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