“…For example, the intelligent network (IN)/wireless intelligent network (WIN)/Customized Applications for Mobile Network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) concepts for voice-centric telephony and the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Forum concepts for mobile-specific browsers have been closely integrated with their underlying operator networks. An exception to such close integration is the open service access (OSA)/Parlay concept [15], which allows controlled access to operators' network capabilities by third-party service providers and caters to LIF-Location Interoperability Forum MMS-Multimedia messaging service OASIS-Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards OMA-Open Mobile Alliance OSA-Open service access OSE-OMA service environment OSPE-OMA service provider environment OSS-Operations support system OWSER-OMA Web services enabler release PEEM-Policy evaluation, enforcement, and management PoC-Push-to-talk over cellular QoS-Quality of service SDO-Standards development organization SIP-Session Initiation Protocol SMS-Short Message Service TMF-TeleManagement Forum TP-Technical plenary TWG-Technical working group W3C*-World Wide Web Consortium WAP-Wireless Application Protocol W-CDMA-Wideband CDMA WIN-Wireless intelligent network WLAN-Wireless local area network XCAP-XML Configuration Access Protocol XML-Extensible Markup Language To date there has been little debate that mobile communication is a commodity. Penetration of mobile subscriptions is in the double-digit percentage range in most regions of the world, leaving ever less room for revenue growth through increased numbers of mobile subscribers.…”