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This paper presents an innovative extention of the noise wave definition to mixed mode, differential - and commonmode noise waves which can be used for noise analysis of differential microwave networks. Mixed mode noise waves are used next to define generalized mixed mode noise wave correlation matrices of microwave multiport networks. Presented approach may be used for noise analysis of microwave differential networks with differential ports as well as with conventional single ended ports.

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Abstract-In this paper there is presented and discussed a general analysis method for noise characterization of noisy multiport differential networks. It is based on mixed mode, differential and common mode, noise waves representation of noise, generalized mixed-mode scattering parameters and generalized mixed-mode noise wave correlation parameters for the network. There are derived analytical relation between the noise figure for a given output port and the noise matrix and the scattering parameters of the network, as well as the correlations between the input port noise waves. The signal to noise ratio degradation factor is derived and discussed, too. Presented results can be implemented directly in a CAD software noise analysis of differential microwave multiport networks with differential as well as with conventional single ended ports. introduced generalized mixed-mode scattering matrix which can be used for hybrid networks having some ports differential and some ports single-ended. Such theory may be used for characterization and signal analysis and design of differential networks containing differential amplifiers, baluns, transformers etc. Keywords-DifferentialThe noise wave formalism has been applied for years to study noise wave properties of single ended two-port devices and networks [3][4] and multi-port networks [5][6]. J. Randa [7] has proposed a way to apply single-ended noise waves and standard single-ended scattering parameters to derive noise parameters of differential multiport networks. In [8-10] mixed mode noise wave formalism and mixed mode S parameters are applied to derive the differential noise figure of four port differential networks. In this paper there is presented a general noise analysis method which is based on mixed mode, differential-and common-mode, noise wave formalism [12] derived from pseudo-wave definition presented in [11] by R. Marks and D. Williams, the generalized mixed-mode scattering matrix [2] and the mixed mode noise wave correlation matrix [12]. Presented approach may be used for noise analysis of differential networks with mixed mode ports as well as with single-ended ports. The method is applied to evaluate the differential noise figure and the differential signal to noise ratio degradation factor of mixed mode multiport networks. II. NOISE ANALYSIS OF MIXED MODE MULTIPORT NETWORKSThis approach to the analysis of noisy microwave multiport mixed-mode networks is based on assumption that a linear noisy network can be represented by the single n x n c is the vector of the generalized mixed-mode equivalent noise wave sources representing thermal noise generated in terminations (in loads and in internal impedances of the signal sources) connected to the ports of the multiport, and o Γ is the n x n reflection coefficients matrix of signal sources and loads connected to the n ports of the multiport. are the generalized mixed-mode noise wave vectors, which combine the p mixed-mode port set of noise pseudowaves and the remaining (n -p) single-ended port set of noise pseud...