The suppression of wind-generated waves by a surface film

Gottifredi, J.C.; Jameson, Graeme J.

doi:10.1017/s0022112068000911

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is seen that the film dramatically reduces the maximum growth rate. This implies that the minimum friction velocity for instability should be correspondingly higher, as demonstrated by Gottifredi and Jameson [1968]. What seems not to have been remarked previously is the change in the wave number of the wave that shows maximum growth, which, as can be seen from our figure, can be a factor of 5 or more.…”

Section: Numerical Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Previous studies of the effect of films on wind-wave growth have concentrated on calculating the increased damping due to such films, consistent with the intuitive expectation that this is the only physical effect of such films. Gottifredi and Jameson [1968] follow Miles' analysis with modified boundary conditions and give some rudimentary results for the increased critical velocity of wave initiation. Craik [1968] analyzed the effect that surfactants have on wind-wave generation using phenomenological forms of the wind-stress at the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface films and wind wave growth

Creamer¹,

Wright²

1992

J. Geophys. Res.

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The generation and growth of surface water waves by the wind and including modified boundary conditions appropriate for the presence of surfactants at the surface are reconsidered using linear instability theory to describe the process. The new features of our work are the inclusion of both surfactants and a wind drift layer. We allow a coupled mean flow in both the air and water; the depth‐dependent mean flow is considered to be wind‐induced. The complex wave frequencies are determined numerically. Uncontrolled numerical errors associated with a direct numerical solution of the Orr‐Sommerfeld equation for the coupled mean flow are avoided by solving an associated equation obtained by a Riccati transformation of the original equation, allowing a straightforward and efficient determination of the eigenvalues of the linear stability problem. A different aspect of our analysis is the change of surface boundary conditions due to contamination of the surface, notably, the change of tangential stress at the surface due to surface tension gradients induced by the film (known as the Marangoni effect). Comparisons are made with previous work on both film‐free and contaminated surfaces. The dominant effect of introducing film boundary conditions is a large change in the wave number of the most unstable wave with an attendant reduction in the growth rate. Implications for wind wave growth on the ocean are discussed.

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Section: Numerical Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface films and wind wave growth

Creamer¹,

Wright²

1992

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…In (4.1), and are the wind input terms; are the nonlinear interaction input terms; and and are the dissipation terms due to viscosity and to breaking waves, respectively. Theoretical considerations on the terms appearing in (4.1) and their analytical expressions can be found in the literature [8], [36]- [39]. A qualitative analysis of the oil influence on the source terms is also available [37].…”

Section: Oil Slick Influence On Ocean Surface Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAR raw signal simulation of oil slicks in ocean environments

Franceschetti¹,

Iodice²,

Riccio³

et al. 2002

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

105

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Abstract-Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) raw signal simulation is a powerful tool for design of oil slick detection and interpretation systems. In this paper, the ocean simulation issues are presented, and the main problems relating to the oil presence on the sea surface are treated. Attention is focused on the electromagnetic side of the problem, with care to the sensor signatures, the dielectric, physical-chemical, and geometric nature of the oil slick, and to the environmental conditions. The presented SAR simulator is based on an ocean model and an oil slick model. The former makes use of multiscale description of the ocean surface: the distributed surface model for the SAR-ocean interaction is considered by taking into account the nonlinear hydrodynamic effect for the water particle movement. The latter model implements a modification of the ocean spectrum, based on the Marangoni theory and accounting for the nonlinear wave interaction mechanism. However, the proposed SAR raw signal simulator is modular and flexible, thus allowing other possible physical models for modeling the oil slick effect over the ocean spectrum. Meaningful SAR simulation experiments are presented and discussed, elucidating the role of difference on pollutants, oil thickness, wind speed and direction, incident wavelength and angle and other radar parameters. Validation of the simulator is also presented by comparison with experimental data. A striking conclusion of the paper is that higher order moments (from the second on) of oil slick SAR image statistics are quite different compared to those pertinent to an equivalent wind speed decrease on the imaged area. This suggests a convenient way to define new appropriate oil slick signatures.

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“…These changes in surface properties have major effects on capillary‐gravity wave phenomena. Field and laboratory experiments [ Cox and Munk , 1954; Gottifredi and Jameson , 1968; Lombardini et al , 1989; Hühnerfuss et al , 1989; Tang and Wu , 1992; Lucassen , 1982; Weber and Saetra , 1995; Bock and Frew , 1993; Lapham et al , 2001] have shown that, in the presence of surface films, the damping rate of capillary‐gravity waves is markedly increased and the growth of short wind waves (the high‐frequency part of wind wave spectrum) is suppressed. The effects of surfactants on weak spilling breakers have been studied experimentally by Liu and Duncan [2003, 2006] and numerically by Ceniceros [2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A laboratory study of longitudinal waves in surfactant films in a water wave tank

Liu¹,

Duncan²,

Korenowski³

et al. 2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] The dynamics of longitudinal surface waves in surfactant films in a large wave tank (14.8 m long, 1.2 m wide, and 1.0 m deep) were studied experimentally. Three soluble surfactants (Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and hemicyanine) were added to the tank water in separated experiments; however, other naturally occurring surfactants were present as well. Since it is exceedingly difficult to control surfactants in large water tanks, these mixed surfactant conditions are probably typical of laboratory-scale experiments on the effects of surfactants on gravity-capillary wave phenomena. In the present experiments, longitudinal waves were generated with a Teflon bar that barely touched the water surface and oscillated horizontally in a direction perpendicular to its length. The longitudinal waves were measured with a technique that is based on the phase shift of capillary waves that were generated mechanically with a propagation direction perpendicular to that of the longitudinal waves. The wave number (a L ), the phase speed, and the damping coefficient (b L ) of the longitudinal waves were obtained for wave frequencies ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 Hz in the various surfactant films. The experimental data agree well with the theoretical dispersion relationship of longitudinal waves, and the fitting of this equation to the experimental data yielded the equilibrium surface elasticity, the surface viscosity, and the surface-to-bulk diffusion parameter. For nearly all experimental conditions, b L /a L was greater than 0.414, its value based on theory with the surface viscosity set to zero. It was found that the longitudinal wave dispersion curves intersect the capillary-gravity wave dispersion curves at frequencies ranging from 2.53 to 3.55 Hz. This intersection point is known to be the frequency of the maximum damping of capillary-gravity waves.

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The suppression of wind-generated waves by a surface film

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Surface films and wind wave growth

Surface films and wind wave growth

SAR raw signal simulation of oil slicks in ocean environments

A laboratory study of longitudinal waves in surfactant films in a water wave tank

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