The suprachiasmatic nucleus participates in food entrainment: a lesion study

Ángeles-Castellanos, Manuel; Salgado‐Delgado, Roberto; Rodriguez, Kimberly M.; Buijs, R.M.; Escobar, Carolina

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.11.061

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…This result is consistent with the model that FAA may be facilitated by inhibition of the SCN to permit locomotor activity in the usual sleep phase of the circadian cycle. This model is further supported by evidence that FAA is enhanced by SCN-ablation in rats [50]. We previously observed that AL fed mice can anticipate a daily palatable meal of cheese or high fat diet and that this was associated with a modest increase in c-Fos expression in the SCN [28] This suggests that mice can anticipate a daily meal without SCN inhibition (or, more precisely, without a reduction of c-Fos protein in the SCN).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Acute and Scheduled Hunger in C57BL/6 Mice

et al. 2014

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In rodents, daily feeding schedules induce food anticipatory activity (FAA) rhythms with formal properties suggesting mediation by food-entrained circadian oscillators (FEOs). The search for the neuronal substrate of FEOs responsible for FAA is an active area of research, but studies spanning several decades have yet to identify unequivocally a brain region required for FAA. Variability of results across studies leads to questions about underlying biology versus methodology. Here we describe in C57BL/6 male mice the effects of varying the ‘dose’ of caloric restriction (0%, 60%, 80%, 110%) on the expression of FAA as measured by a video-based analysis system, and on the induction of c-Fos in brain regions that have been implicated in FAA. We determined that more severe caloric restriction (60%) leads to a faster onset of FAA with increased magnitude. Using the 60% caloric restriction, we found little evidence for unique signatures of neuronal activation in the brains of mice anticipating a daily mealtime compared to mice that were fasted acutely or fed ad-libitum–even in regions such as the dorsomedial and ventrolateral hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and cerebellum that have previously been implicated in FAA. These results underscore the importance of feeding schedule parameters in determining quantitative features of FAA in mice, and demonstrate dissociations between behavioral FAA and neural activity in brain areas thought to harbor FEOs or participate in their entrainment or output.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Acute and Scheduled Hunger in C57BL/6 Mice

et al. 2014

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“…On the other hand, SHAM mice showed a small decline (but not significant) in average performance during testing in DD (Figure 6). These observations may be explained by the notion that non-SCN oscillators often interact or compete with the SCN to influence biological and behavioral rhythms (Acosta-Galvan et al, 2011; Angeles-Castellanos et al, 2010; Mendoza et al, 2005). Indeed, SCN ablation is often accompanied by enhanced anticipatory activity to non-photic cues (Angeles-Castellanos et al, 2010; Pezuk et al, 2010; Stephan et al, 1979a,b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, although food anticipation persists in SCN-lesioned animals (Mistlberger, 1994; Stephan, 1979b), it has been reported that the SCN participates actively during food entrainment. It modulates the response of hypothalamic and corticolimbic structures, resulting in an increased anticipatory response (Angeles-Castellanos, 2010). Although food anticipation, circadian retention paradigms, and cTPL all demonstrate memory for TOD, it is currently unclear whether the same neurobiological mechanisms underlie these behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neither the SCN nor the adrenals are required for circadian time-place learning in mice

Mulder

Papantoniou²,

Gerkema

et al. 2014

Chronobiology International

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During Time-Place Learning (TPL), animals link biological significant events (e.g. encountering predators, food, mates) with the location and time of occurrence in the environment. This allows animals to anticipate which locations to visit or avoid based on previous experience and knowledge of the current time of day. The TPL task applied in this study consists of three daily sessions in a three-arm maze, with a food reward at the end of each arm. During each session, mice should avoid one specific arm to avoid a foot-shock. We previously demonstrated that, rather than using external cue-based strategies, mice use an internal clock (circadian strategy) for TPL, referred to as circadian TPL (cTPL). It is unknown in which brain region(s) or peripheral organ(s) the consulted clock underlying cTPL resides. Three candidates were examined in this study: (a) the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a light entrainable oscillator (LEO) and considered the master circadian clock in the brain, (b) the food entrainable oscillator (FEO), entrained by restricted food availability, and (c) the adrenal glands, harboring an important peripheral oscillator. cTPL performance should be affected if the underlying oscillator system is abruptly phase-shifted. Therefore, we first investigated cTPL sensitivity to abrupt light and food shifts. Next we investigated cTPL in SCN-lesioned- and adrenalectomized mice. Abrupt FEO phase-shifts (induced by advancing and delaying feeding time) affected TPL performance in specific test sessions while a LEO phase-shift (induced by a light pulse) more severely affected TPL performance in all three daily test sessions. SCN-lesioned mice showed no TPL deficiencies compared to SHAM-lesioned mice. Moreover, both SHAM- and SCN-lesioned mice showed unaffected cTPL performance when re-tested after bilateral adrenalectomy. We conclude that, although cTPL is sensitive to timing manipulations with light as well as food, neither the SCN nor the adrenals are required for cTPL in mice.

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“…Second, during daytime restricted feeding, SCN-driven nocturnal activity is typically decreased in rats [4], and SCN output during the light period is actively inhibited [39]. Third, abrogation of SCN function in rats by lesion [40] and in mice by clock gene mutation [41] enhances the magnitude of food anticipatory activity. Finally, SCN-ablated rats robustly anticipate and can discriminate 2 daily mealtimes [15], [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Clocks for All Meal-Times: Anticipation of 2 Daily Meals in Rats

et al. 2012

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Anticipation of a daily meal in rats has been conceptualized as a rest-activity rhythm driven by a food-entrained circadian oscillator separate from the pacemaker generating light-dark (LD) entrained rhythms. Rats can also anticipate two daily mealtimes, but whether this involves independently entrained oscillators, one ‘continuously consulted’ clock, cue-dependent non-circadian interval timing or a combination of processes, is unclear. Rats received two daily meals, beginning 3-h (meal 1) and 13-h (meal 2) after lights-on (LD 14∶10). Anticipatory wheel running began 68±8 min prior to meal 1 and 101±9 min prior to meal 2 but neither the duration nor the variability of anticipation bout lengths exhibited the scalar property, a hallmark of interval timing. Meal omission tests in LD and constant dark (DD) did not alter the timing of either bout of anticipation, and anticipation of meal 2 was not altered by a 3-h advance of meal 1. Food anticipatory running in this 2-meal protocol thus does not exhibit properties of interval timing despite the availability of external time cues in LD. Across all days, the two bouts of anticipation were uncorrelated, a result more consistent with two independently entrained oscillators than a single consulted clock. Similar results were obtained for meals scheduled 3-h and 10-h after lights-on, and for a food-bin measure of anticipation. Most rats that showed weak or no anticipation to one or both meals exhibited elevated activity at mealtime during 1 or 2 day food deprivation tests in DD, suggesting covert operation of circadian timing in the absence of anticipatory behavior. A control experiment confirmed that daytime feeding did not shift LD-entrained rhythms, ruling out displaced nocturnal activity as an explanation for daytime activity. The results favor a multiple oscillator basis for 2-meal anticipatory rhythms and provide no evidence for involvement of cue-dependent interval timing.

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The suprachiasmatic nucleus participates in food entrainment: a lesion study

Cited by 49 publications

References 69 publications

Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Acute and Scheduled Hunger in C57BL/6 Mice

Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Acute and Scheduled Hunger in C57BL/6 Mice

Neither the SCN nor the adrenals are required for circadian time-place learning in mice

Circadian Clocks for All Meal-Times: Anticipation of 2 Daily Meals in Rats

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