The surface conductivity of lead glasses

Abstract

The results of electrical surface conductivity measurements of the glass systems SiO2-PbO-Bi2O3 after hydrogen treatment are presented. The conductivity-temperature as well as conductivity-pressure characteristics proved that conduction is due to tunnelling of the electrons between lead crystallites. The comparison of the mean size of the lead crystallites studied by X-ray diffraction with the surface conductivity shows that bismuth ions play the role of resonant tunnelling centres.

Physical understanding of the behavior of silver thick-film contacts on n-type silicon under annealing conditions

“…Current flows via a direct contact between crystal and silver (left crystal) [24], through a very thin (o10 nm) glass layer by tunneling (middle crystal) [25] or by multi-step tunneling via lead precipitates (right crystal) [23]. Other current paths are unlikely as the glass layer is insulating [26]. Fig.…”

Investigation of Ag-bulk/glassy-phase/Si heterostructures of printed Ag contacts on crystalline Si solar cells

“…Thus, current can transport through the thick glassy-phase not only by multi-tunneling steps between Ag precipitates, but also by thermally excited electrons hopping from one isolated precipitate to the next. In the case of a current transport by multi-tunneling steps between microscopic Ag precipitates, high Ag-precipitate density in the glassy-phase could help to decrease the specific contact resistance of samples [8,9].…”

Conductive mechanism of reduced lead silicate glass for micro‐channel plate

“…Trap claimed that there were both ionic and electronic contributions to the conductivity. Another view was that conduction was related to tunneling of the electrons between lead crystallites . The above mentioned is the currently mainstream view of LSG‐MCP conduction.…”