Physical understanding of the behavior of silver thick-film contacts on n-type silicon under annealing conditions

Kontermann, Stefan; Hörteis, M.; Käsemann, Martin; Grohe, A.; Preu, R.; Pink, E.; Trupke, Thorsten

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2009.04.019

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This glass layer redistribution around the crystallites, without presenting direct current paths -free of interfacial glass layer-, most probably causes the measured series resistance increase. A similar correlation of the SEM measured interfacial glass layer thickness with the increase of series resistance and contact resistance has been also observed in other studies [3], [22], [23]. One possible solution would be to tailor the composition of the paste to avoid the glass layer growth for supporting low temperature annealing steps below the firing temperature.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy After Standard and Extended supporting

confidence: 84%

Impact of Extended Contact Cofiring on Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cell Parameters

Peral

Dastgheib-Shirazi

Fano

et al. 2017

IEEE J. Photovoltaics

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Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy After Standard and Extended supporting

confidence: 84%

Impact of Extended Contact Cofiring on Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cell Parameters

Peral

Dastgheib-Shirazi

Fano

et al. 2017

IEEE J. Photovoltaics

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“…In many studies, the possibilities of current transport have three methods: direct interconnection at isolated spots between Ag crystallites and the Ag bulk, tunneling through ultra-thin glass regions, and conduction through the glass layer by tunneling through the discontinuous metal crystals in the glass layer. Therefore, the glass frit in the Ag paste plays a key role in contact formation and influences firing condition to optimize quality of contact [2][3][4] …”

Section: Intorductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of electron tunneling mechanism by co-firing process for high efficiency crystalline Si solar cells

Tang¹,

Lin²,

Tu³

et al. 2011

2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference

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It is well known that performance of industrial crystalline silicon solar cell greatly depends on the final step of co-firing condition. In order to achieve higher efficiency solar cell, control of co-firing condition by a fast firing process is very critical. Using Dual-Beam-Focused Ion-Beam (DBFIB) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), the microstructure of the interface between the front-side silver paste contact and emitter under different co-firing conditions are investigated by increasing co-firing temperatures and belt speeds. It is found that there is a thin glassy-phase layer just above Si surface plays an important role in contact properties. The location where silver to Si surface direct contact is observed through SEM, and there is actually a very thin glass layer in between Ag/Si contact and Ag embryos. In addition, high-density of silver embryos above on Si surface is found for sample with an optimized co-fired process. The thin glass layer between Ag-embryos and Ag-bulk is an effective barrier for electron tunneling through. All these phenomena presented in this study suggest that Ag-bulk/thin-glasslayer/Si contact be the most decisive path which can be optimized through co-firing process. It is found that the optimal co-firing process can be improved greatly and provided a good silver paste contact. An average conversion efficiency of 18.40 of a sample size of 100 pieces of 6" p-type mono crystalline Si 2 bus-bars solar cell without any extra process can be finally achieved.

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“…For 1 Â 10 17 cm À 3 oN D o1 Â 10 19 cm À 3 , it is a combination of TE and FE, defined as the thermionic field emission (TFE). In the recent research works [6][7][8][9], silver crystallites were observed in the interface layer between the silicon emitter and the silver fingers. It is believed that silver crystallites played an important role in the contact formation and current transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the front contact mechanism of screen-printed multi-crystalline silicon solar cells

Wang

et al. 2015

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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Physical understanding of the behavior of silver thick-film contacts on n-type silicon under annealing conditions

Cited by 37 publications

References 18 publications

Impact of Extended Contact Cofiring on Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cell Parameters

Impact of Extended Contact Cofiring on Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cell Parameters

Study of electron tunneling mechanism by co-firing process for high efficiency crystalline Si solar cells

Study on the front contact mechanism of screen-printed multi-crystalline silicon solar cells

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