The surface mixed layer heat budget from mooring observations in the central Indian Ocean during Madden–Julian Oscillation events

Chi, Nan-Hsun; Lien, Ren‐Chieh; D’Asaro, Eric A.; Ma, Barry

doi:10.1002/2014jc010192

Cited by 48 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As mentioned above, these WWBs generate eastward flowing equatorial jets [e.g.,Moum et al 2014;Chi et al, 2014] that can play a major role in the dynamics of the southern BoB. Wind products from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting Integrated Forecast System (ECMWF) illustrate similar wind events along the equator and northeasterly winds over the BoB.…”

mentioning

confidence: 63%

Southern Bay of Bengal currents and salinity intrusions during the northeast monsoon

et al. 2015

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Shipboard velocity and hydrographic profiles collected in December 2013 along with drifter observations, satellite altimetry, global ocean nowcast/forecast products, and coupled model simulations were used to examine the circulation in the southern Bay of Bengal as part of ongoing international research efforts in the region. The observations captured the southward flowing East India Coastal Current (EICC) off southeast India and east of Sri Lanka. The EICC was approximately 100 km wide, with speeds exceeding 1 m s−1 in the upper 75 m. East of the EICC, a subsurface‐intensified 300 km‐wide, northward current was observed, with maximum speeds as high as 1 m s−1 between 50 m and 75 m. The EICC moved low‐salinity water out of the bay and the subsurface northward flow carried high‐salinity water into the bay during typical northeast monsoon conditions during a time period when the central equatorial Indian Ocean was experiencing a westerly wind burst related to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) event. While the northward subsurface high‐salinity flow has previously been observed during the southwest monsoon, it was observed during the northeast monsoon. The observations are consistent with northward high‐salinity subsurface flow in numerical model solutions. The analysis suggests that direct forcing along the equator may play a significant role for high‐salinity intrusions east of Sri Lanka.

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confidence: 63%

Southern Bay of Bengal currents and salinity intrusions during the northeast monsoon

et al. 2015

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“…A detailed description of the data is found in Chi et al (2014). A detailed description of the data is found in Chi et al (2014).…”

Section: Observation and Cold Pool Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model depth is 100 m, with a vertical grid interval of 0.5 m. The period of the model simulations is 24 hr with a time step of 0.5 s. Models are forced by hourly surface fluxes calculated using meteorology measurements on the moorings (including measured downward shortwave radiation and adjusted downward longwave radiation; Chi et al, 2014) applying the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) version 3.5 bulk flux algorithm (Edson et al, 2013;Fairall et al, 1996Fairall et al, , 2003. The initial condition of velocity, temperature, and salinity is obtained from mooring observations.…”

Section: Numerical Model Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Ocean Response to the Atmospheric Cold Pools Associated With the Madden‐Julian Oscillation

Pei

Shinoda

Soloviev

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Atmospheric cold pools are frequently observed during the Madden‐Julian Oscillation events and play an important role in the development and organization of large‐scale convection. They are generally associated with heavy precipitation and strong winds, inducing large air‐sea fluxes and significant sea surface temperature (SST) fluctuations. This study provides a first detailed investigation of the upper ocean response to the strong cold pools associated with the Madden‐Julian Oscillation, based on the analysis of in situ data collected during the Dynamics of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field campaign and one‐dimensional ocean model simulations validated by the data. During strong cold pools, SST drops rapidly due to the atmospheric cooling in a shoaled mixed layer caused by the enhanced near‐surface salinity stratification generated by heavy precipitation. Significant contribution also comes from the component of surface heat flux produced by the cold rain temperature. After the period of heavy rain, while net surface cooling remains, SST gradually recovers due to the enhanced entrainment of warmer waters below the mixed layer.

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“…In situ data collected from surface moorings during DYNAMO [30] and RAMA program [31] are used to evaluate upper ocean variability in the model simulations. The data from the DYNAMO surface moorings located at 0 • , 78 • 56 E and 1 • 30 S, 78 • 45 E are used.…”

Section: Dynamo and Rama Buoy Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upper ocean temperature data collected by moored Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) sensors are used for the comparison. Subsurface CTD measurements in DYNAMO moorings were taken every 2 min at 1,5,10,15,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,101,150,200, 300, and 500 m. In addition, near-surface velocity data taken by acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) on the DYNAMO and RAMA moorings are used to evaluate the model simulations of equatorial jet produced by strong westerly winds.…”

Section: Dynamo and Rama Buoy Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Ocean Response to the Madden–Julian Oscillation during the DYNAMO Field Campaign: Impact on Somali Current System and the Seychelles–Chagos Thermocline Ridge

et al. 2017

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During the CINDY/DYNAMO field campaign, exceptionally large upper ocean responses to strong westerly wind events associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) were observed in the central equatorial Indian Ocean. Strong eastward equatorial currents in the upper ocean lasted more than one month from late November 2011 to early January 2012. The remote ocean response to these unique MJO events are investigated using a high resolution (1/25 • ) global ocean general circulation model along with the satellite altimeter data. The local ocean response to the MJO events are realistically simulated by the global model based on the comparison with the data collected during the field campaign. The satellite altimeter data show that anomalous sea surface height (SSH) associated with the strong eastward jets propagated eastward as an equatorial Kelvin wave. The positive SSH anomalies then partly propagate westward as a reflected Rossby wave. The SSH anomalies associated with the reflected Rossby wave in the southern hemisphere propagate all the way to the western boundary. These remote ocean responses are well simulated by the global model. The analysis of the model simulation indicates the significant influence of reflected Rossby waves on sub-seasonal variability of Somali current system near the equator. The analysis further suggests that the reflected Rossby wave causes a substantial change in the structure of the Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge, which contributes to significant SST anomalies.

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The surface mixed layer heat budget from mooring observations in the central Indian Ocean during Madden–Julian Oscillation events

Cited by 48 publications

References 35 publications

Southern Bay of Bengal currents and salinity intrusions during the northeast monsoon

Southern Bay of Bengal currents and salinity intrusions during the northeast monsoon

Upper Ocean Response to the Atmospheric Cold Pools Associated With the Madden‐Julian Oscillation

Remote Ocean Response to the Madden–Julian Oscillation during the DYNAMO Field Campaign: Impact on Somali Current System and the Seychelles–Chagos Thermocline Ridge

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